Anabolic steroids may affect future mental health

May 20, 2013 ? There is a link between use of anabolic-androgenic steroids and reduced mental health later in life. This is the main conclusion of a new study on elite male strength athletes that researchers from the University of Gothenburg recently published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. Twenty per cent of the subjects in the study admitted steroid use.

The study is published by CERA, which is the University of Gothenburg's centre for education and research on addiction. Together with colleagues from Sahlgrenska University Hospital, they found a connection between abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and mental health problems many years later.

The study included almost 700 former Swedish wrestlers, weightlifters, powerlifters and throwers who competed at the elite level sometime between 1960 and 1979. Twenty per cent of them admitted using steroids during their active careers. The purpose of the study was to look for links between AAS use and mental problems.

'We found a clear link. AAS users were more likely to have been treated for depression, concentration problems and aggressive behaviour,' says Claudia Fahlke, director at CERA.

The researchers also found that AAS users were more likely to have abused other illicit drugs and alcohol. However, it remains unclear whether the steroid use actually caused the mental health problems or the mental health problems rather caused the steroid use.

'What we were able to show, though, is that psychiatric symptoms and use of steroids and other drugs tend to reinforce each other in a vicious cycle. This suggests that the anti-doping efforts remain very important, both in and outside of sports,' says Fahlke.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/mind_brain/mental_health/~3/PhCMQLmbNPs/130520094836.htm

san francisco earthquake terminator salvation terminator salvation jarhead montrose marshawn lynch earthquake bay area

Legal Theory Lexicon: Conduct Rules and Decision Rules

Introduction

Substantive rules of law (such as the rules of torts, contract, and property) are usually assumed to be addressed to two audiences. As?conduct rules, the substantive law is addressed to everyone (citizens, officials, and noncitizens). Thus, property law tells us who has dominion over which resources. If this land is mine, then the law communicates the message that I can use my land and exclude others from its use. These very same legal rules also serve as?decision rules, they tell courts how to resolve disputes. We usually assume that the content of the conduct rules are the decision rules are identical, but this need not be the case.

Acoustic Separation

Professor Meir Dan-Cohen of U.C. Berkeley proposed a very famous thought experiment. He asked us to imagine?acoustic separation?between ordinary citizens, who would only "hear" the conduct rules, and officials (such as judges), to whom the decision rules would be addressed. You might imagine that courtrooms are isolated by a giant "cone of silence".

Dan-Cohen's thought experiment leads naturally to the following question: should decision rules and conduct rules have the same content or should they differ?? And if they differ, how could the law prevent acoustic leakage, e.g. prevent ordinary citizens from learning about the content of the decision rules?

Example?

Here's a pretty clear example. Suppose that we have a conduct rule that says, "Ignorance of the law is no excuse." This might be a good conduct rule, because we want citizens to inform themselves about the content of the law, and we certainly don't want citizens deliberately insulating themselves from knowledge of the law in order to create a defense if they charged with its violation. But at the same time, we might prefer that ignorance of the law would serve as an excuse, at least some of the time, when it comes to actually convicting and punishing defendants. Punishment is expensive and injurious, and sometimes no really good purpose will be served by punishing someone who is reasonably ignorant of the law's content.

The Technology of Acoustice Separation

But how can we excuse ignorance of the law without altering the conduct rule?? One way to accomplish this goal would involve some obfuscation by judges. Opinions might state boldly: "Ignorance of the law is no excuse," while simultaneously excusing ignorant defendants on the ground that "knowledge of the legal status of the intentional content is part of the mental state that is an element of the crime." The first formulation is easily accessible to ordinary folks; the second is couched in language that may be opaque except to those trained in the law.

Normative Implications

Even if it is possible to create acoustic separation between conduct rules and decision rules, doing so may be problematic on normative grounds.? For utilitarians or welfarists, the only question is whether acoustic separation will produce good consequences, but for fairness-based (or deontological) approaches, the deception involved in acoustic separation seems problematic.? This intuition is reflected in a variety of legal doctrines (such as the "void for vagueness" doctrine in constitutional law) and in the notion of "publicity" that is usually included in formulations of the ideal of the rule of law.

Using the Distinction?

The distinction between conduct rules and decision rules may not arise frequently--because the conditions for acoustic separation may be rare and because the law usually aims at congruence between the two sorts of rules, but in almost every legal context the distinction could become relevant.? It is almost always worth asking, "Is there any discrepancy between the conduct rules and decision rules in this area of law?"? And if there is such a discrepancy, then further questions are in order: "Is this accidental or does it serve some function?" and "Is this instance of acoustic separation normatively justified?"

References

Meir Dan-Cohen?Decision Rules and Conduct rules: On Acoustic Separation in Criminal Law, 97 Harvard Law Review 625 (1984) (available to subscribers on Jstor?and anthologized in Meir Dan-Cohen,?Harmful Thoughts: Essays on Law, Self, and Morality(Cambridge University Press 2002).

Criminal Law Conversations?(Paul H. Robinson, Stephen Garvey, & Kimberley Kessler Ferzan eds., Oxford University Press 2009). ?This volume contains several essays that comment on Dan-Cohen's idea.

Paul H. Robinson,?Rules of Conduct?and Principles of Adjudication, 57 U. Chi. L. Rev. 729 (1990).

(Last modified on May 19, 2013.)

Source: http://lsolum.typepad.com/legaltheory/2013/05/legal-theory-lexicon-conduct-rules-and-decision-rules.html

Emanuel Steward nyc.gov SAT Notre Dame Football Schedule detroit tigers Tsunami Lil Reese

Amazon lands Prime Instant Video exclusives for five NBCUniversal shows

Amazon is still determined to snag every TV exclusive possible, and it just scored one of its better deals -- or at least, one of the more forward-thinking. It now has the sole unlimited subscription streaming rights to the previous seasons of five NBCUniversal shows. The highlight could be Hannibal, which will reach the service later this year; gamers may also like the crossover SyFy series Defiance, which should be ready in early 2014. Those who just can't wait to stream something will get their fill through exclusives for Covert Affairs, Grimm and Suits, all of which are in the catalog today. Amazon isn't completely shutting out rivals like Netflix, however: its expanded NBCU deal includes regular deals for Alphas, Eureka, Smash, Warehouse 13 and a collection of children's shows destined for Kindle FreeTime Unlimited. While we'd prefer that there be as few exclusives as possible, there's no question that some Prime members will feel better about springing for that $79 yearly fee.

[Thanks, John]

Filed under: Home Entertainment, Internet, HD, Amazon

Comments

Source: Amazon

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/05/17/amazon-lands-prime-instant-video-exclusives-for-5-nbcu-shows/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=Feed_Classic&utm_campaign=Engadget

David Boudia David Rakoff Bourne Legacy Chad Johnson London 2012 Soccer Olympics closing ceremony PGA Championship 2012

Did Diddy sign on with 'Downton Abbey'?

TV

Randee Dawn TODAY contributor

11 hours ago

Sean "Diddy" Combs pulled a nice promo prank on his over 8-million Twitter followers Wednesday when he tweeted, "MY BIG NEWS: So happy to announce that Im a series regular on DOWNTON ABBEY-my favorite show+i'll be debuting a sneak peek tonight 12am PST!"

The Twitterverse, naturally, went nuts. "Downton Abbey" did recently announce the casting of its first recurring black actor (that would be actor Gary Carr) -- but for a few minutes there it seemed they might be expanding the diversity of the cast.

Alas, 'tis not so. Not officially so, anyway.

"It's not true," PBS spokeswoman Carrie Johnson told Reuters in an email.

(Note: Video is R-rated for language.)

But all was revealed, as promised, at midnight: It's a Funny or Die viral video (or at least one they hope will go viral), and it is pretty darn funny. Combs starts out the clip sitting behind a desk and calling the show "Downtown Abbey" repeatedly, before finally correcting himself, and saying he's actually the first black cast member of the show, having been there all along.

Then, with some clever editing techniques, he turns up in clips from earlier "Abbey" episodes, announcing himself as "Lord Wolcott, the new owner of Downtown Abbey."

After a few exchanges with the regular cast members, "Wolcott" generously says, "Everybody just go on like I'm not here," which of course they do. Later on when Thomas makes a move on him, he rejects him firmly -- admitting he already loves Sybil and Mary and Mrs. Patmore ... among others. But then he seems to have second thoughts: He does love Thomas. "I love everybody!"

But power quickly goes to his head: "I am Lord of this godforsaken manor and all who oppose me will perish!"

Make sure to check out all of the antics in the video!

Source: http://www.today.com/entertainment/sean-diddy-combs-joins-downton-abbey-cast-sort-1C9948164

whitney houston national anthem beverly hills hotel beverly hills hotel the watchmen whitney houston dies dolly parton i will always love you beverly hilton hotel

Assange warns US communications dominance threatens Latin ... - RT

WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange has poignantly stated that the very sovereignty of Latin American and Caribbean nations has been compromised by a reliance on US-based telecommunications.

Speaking via videoconference to an audience at Uruguay?s University of the Republic, Assange pointed to Latin America?s dependency on hardware and traffic handling by the United States as a source of vulnerability to monitoring by overzealous intelligence agencies, including the CIA, NSA and FBI. The world-famous whistleblower has been living in Ecuador?s London embassy for the past year under the auspices of political asylum.

?The penetration of the internet in all facets of society, substituting traditional mail and telephone and even physical interaction between individuals has placed in the hands of the US information provided by telecoms for the majority of humanity,? said the author of?Criptopunks,?his latest book to be published.

Assange pointed to the growing prevalence of social networking and products offered by companies such as Google as another potential concern for Latin Americans.

?The countries of Latin America are uploading profiles of their citizens, unknowingly, in computer systems within huge servers in California, controlled by Google, Facebook, Yahoo and others. These are directly or indirectly controlled by mechanisms, both legal or otherwise, via intelligence services of the United States and peripheral organizations,? he said.

The remarks made by Assange to his audience in Montevideo, were published widely by many Spanish-language newspapers in the region, and included what seemed to be a veiled jab at recent revelations that the US Department of Justice had conducted widespread phone surveillance on the Associated Press.

The government of the US ?has not demonstrated scruples in following its own laws in intercepting these [phone] lines to spy even on its own citizens,? remarked Assange.

He added that in the US there ?did not exist? laws that impeded the US from ?spying on citizens of foreign countries.?

The US National Security Agency ?receives and processes? millions of communications, according to Assange, and the agency boasts a budget ?greater than the FBI and the CIA combined.?

Assange warned the audience in Montevideo that, with the use of Google, Facebook and other new trends, there?s a massive privacy threat, to an extent that would have only been the stuff of science fiction not long ago.

Source: http://rt.com/news/assange-warns-latin-america-401/

kevin youkilis Tropical Storm Debby legend of korra magic mike trailer Alan Turing brave Stephanie Rice

Morrison seals $306 million Ocado deal in online catch-up

By James Davey

LONDON (Reuters) - British supermarket chain Wm Morrison is investing more than 200 million pounds in a 25-year deal with online grocer Ocado, seeking to catch up with rivals in home delivery and sending Ocado shares to a record high.

Morrison, which trails Tesco, Wal-Mart's Asda and J Sainsbury in annual sales, has suffered falling profits and market share, partly due to its late entry into online grocery which is growing about 16 percent a year.

Morrison and Ocado said their deal would not affect Ocado's arrangement with upmarket grocer Waitrose, due to run to 2020. Yet Waitrose, which provides many of Ocado's products, said it had instructed lawyers to advise on whether there had been any breach of contract.

Waitrose, part of the John Lewis group, said it had asked to see details of the agreement between the two companies. "Once we've done that, we'll decide what appropriate action to take," a spokesman said.

Morrison, which already sells non-food items online, had held back from selling food because of doubts over the profitability of delivering groceries to customers' homes. Ocado has yet to make a pretax profit in a decade of business.

"We think that the deal is easily a better one for Ocado than it is for Morrison," said analyst Philip Dorgan at brokerage Panmure Gordon. "The agreement lasts for 25 years which seems unnecessary to us, given the pace of change online."

Ocado shares have had a rollercoaster ride since the company listed at 180 pence in 2010. Heavily "shorted" before Friday's announcement by market participants speculating they would decline, they jumped as much as 47 percent to a record 296.8 pence, valuing the company at 1.72 billion pounds.

Shares accounting for 10 percent of Ocado's share capital were out on loan as of Thursday's close, corresponding to nearly 70 percent of those available to be borrowed, Markit data showed - an indication of the level of short-selling in the stock.

Morrison shares rose up to 2 percent.

POLARISED OPINION

Ocado has polarised opinion. Fans point to rapid growth in online grocery, with the UK market expected to double in value over the next five years to 11 billion pounds, its state-of-the-art distribution centres and high customer service ratings.

Sceptics, however, note it has not made a profit since it was founded by three Goldman Sachs bankers in 2000, and doubt its model of filling orders from central depots will ever be as profitable as online operations at grocers like Tesco and Sainsbury, which mostly pick orders in stores.

Ocado, which made a pretax loss of 0.6 million pounds in 2012, forecast the Morrison deal would deliver an annual profit contribution in the "mid-teens millions of pounds", while Morrisons' upfront payment of 170 million pounds would enable it to pay down its debt of 85 million pounds.

It said the deal was a vindication of its business model and could lead to overseas sales of its technology. "This validation should support the internationalisation of our model as well as the growth of our UK business," said CEO Tim Steiner.

Ocado entered a small supply partnership deal with French supermarket firm Carrefour in 2011.

Morrison CEO Dalton Philips said the Ocado deal would help achieve the company's home shopping aims, though it was not expected to make money until the 2016-17 year.

"This is a Morrisons website, it's Morrisons food, in a Morrisons van, with a Morrisons driver, it's Morrisons the whole way through," he said. "It's a very different arrangement from the sourcing arrangement Ocado has where they source Waitrose food," he told reporters.

Morrison's online offer will be met from Ocado's recently opened distribution centre in Dordon, central England.

It will make an initial payment of 170 million pounds to Ocado to acquire Dordon and associated equipment, as well as a licence and integration fee.

Morrison said a further 46 million pounds will be invested to expand Dordon to accommodate its range, integrate with its systems and establish a delivery network. It expected to incur a further 25 million pounds of development costs this year.

"The deal gives Morrison access to, we estimate, around 500 million pounds of online sales for an initial outlay of 200 million pounds," said analysts at Credit Suisse.

Morrisons will also pay Ocado annual service costs and a contribution to R&D expenditure, as well as at least 25 percent of Morrisons.com's earnings before interest and tax for 15 years.

(Additional reporting by Franceso Canepa; Editing by Rosalba O'Brien and David Holmes)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/morrisons-seals-deal-ocado-online-061923674.html

Cookies april fools day april fools day April Fools Jokes Julie Roberts roses april fools

Gamepop, another Android based video game console - Element14

Gamepop promo. Big console or small TV? (via BlueStacks)

?

The future gaming market is a rather competitive field, consisting mainly of major players such as Microsoft, Sony, Nintendo, PC game developers, and most recently, mobile game developers. A new company, OUYA, recently stepped into the fray to offer gamers a free to try open source gaming platform that any interested developer can sign up to be a part. And now, Bluestacks has also stepped forward with the creation of the GamePop gaming console - a platform that takes the mobile gaming experience to the TV screen.

?

Bluestacks has garnered much recent success with the release of its App Player - a two-year software venture that resulted in an ingenuous way to access mobile Android apps on Mac or PC. Using their so-called ?LayerCake? technology, it was a natural step to begin developing a way to offer gamers a similar phone to TV gaming experience.

?

The Gamepop console runs Android 4.2 with access to 500+ of the most highly touted mobile games available. Game developers are allowed to sign up and offer their services, ultimately getting a nice cut from the deal - 50% of the revenue generated from user subscriptions to the Gamepop service with a scaling factor based on how often people pay their respective games.

?

With an increasing pool of mobile games and developers, users will soon have access to a constant stream of new content and updates. For the month of May only, the Gamepop console and one controller will be available for free! - with the agreement to a $7 per month, one year subscription to their service. Users will also have the option of using either the console?s controller or their smartphones to play their games.

?

No specs on the Gamepop have been released by Bluestacks as of yet - though we know all content will be downloadable through an app store and that the console outputs at full HD quality over HDMI. If interested, head on over to the Gamepop site to pre-order.

?

C

See more news at:

http://twitter.com/Cabe_e14

Source: http://www.element14.com/community/community/news/blog/2013/05/15/gamepop-another-android-based-video-game-console

powerball numbers stephen curry pga tour Angie Miller nina dobrev nina dobrev HLN