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During these times, the Eustachian tube are easily blocked by swelling in the upper respiratory area, blocking the path for fluid to transfer from the middle ear down to the throat. The fluid creates a bit of a pool that is the breeding ground for bacteria and viruses to grow.
Bacterial and viral infections are common during this time. If left untreated, these can turn mean, creating temporary or permanent hearing loss. A good way to keep this from happening is by treating an ear infection as soon as it starts. An even better way to prevent this is to get treatment for your upper respiratory infections that come from time to time.
For some, it can be the loss of something as basic as their hearing. Having once enjoyed the lovely melodies of birds singing, children laughing, or music playing, it can be hard to adjust to the blanket of silence that follows you for the rest of your life.
The balance that you must work to maintain is the balance of caring too much what other people think vs. not caring enough what people think. When you care too much about what other people think, you essentially are letting other people tell you what to wear.
That infection can damage the baby's inner ear, hurting their chances to hear throughout their lives. These infections could be German measles, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, and Syphilis. German measles are characterized by a red rash, low fever, runny nose, bloodshot eyes, and headache. Cytomegalovirus is known to cause a high fever, sore throat, swelling in the neck.
Confident people also do not seek advice from just anyone. They will seek advice from their closest friends and family members, people whose opinions they deeply trust.
Syphilis is the last of these. It is known for causing heart and brain problems, blindness, and death. Another cause can come during birth. Oxygen deprivation can hurt the hearing. Jaundice can too. Jaundice is a condition when the baby comes out of the womb with a yellowish hue to the skin. That yellowish hue is a sign of too much bilirubin in the blood. At such a young age, it has the potential of harming a baby's hearing.
Trauma during birth can also hurt the baby's hearing. Trauma happens should they be injured during the birthing process. Once the kids are out, their hearing can still be affected by a number of childhood illnesses. Bacterial and viral meningitis can have this side effect.
Little technological advances are helping the recently hearing impaired live lives as closely paralleled to the ones they lived before. These are the beautiful horizons people miss out on when they grow depressed about something they had, but lost.
A captioned telephone is like a regular telephone, but with captions like a TV that spell out what the person on the other end of the phone is saying. Having a captioned telephone can help you to feel more confident in general with your daily conversations.
Source: http://weightlossand-fitness.blogspot.com/2013/07/avoiding-most-common-causes-of-hearing.html
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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gestures as he speaks during an interview with Reuters in Jerusalem on Monday.
By Bill Neely, International Editor for ITV News, NBC News' international partner
News analysis
The election of Hassan Rowhani as the new president of Iran seems to have stunned everyone ? his supporters and staff, and analysts and decision-makers around the world. ?
No-one expected that the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei would allow a moderate to occupy the presidency at a time when Iran is under pressure, under sanctions and under suspicion.
And nowhere is the shock of Rowhani's election more profoundly felt than in Israel.
NBC's Ali Arouzi reports from Tehran, where Iranians overwhelmingly chose to elect moderate cleric Hassan Rowani, saying "it will be interesting to see what course he tries to take."
The country's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu spoke twice in the days after the election, warning the world that Iran's new face changed nothing.?
"The election clearly reflects the deep disaffection of the Iranian people with its regime,? he said on Monday. ?But unfortunately it doesn't have the power to change Iran's nuclear ambitions.?
Israel ??and many in the West ??have been deeply concerned about Iran's growing ability to process its own uranium. It argues that Iran is on the verge of being able to produce enough to make its own nuclear weapon.?The fact that controversial outgoing President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is leaving doesn't change Israel's profound anxiety about its future survival: Western countries maintain that Tehran's nuclear program is a cover to one day develop an atomic bomb.
Consequently, severe international sanctions have been imposed, forcing sharp cuts to Iran's oil exports and hurting the economy.
Meanwhile Israel has been threatening to bomb Iran if Israel's own nuclear "red line" is crossed.
The election of a moderate, who is promising to open a new chapter in Iran's relations with the world and who says Iran will be "more transparent" about its nuclear program, arguably pulls the rug from under the tough-talkers in Israel.
It may be hard, for a few months at least, for Israel's position to be heard.?Few will want to hear that all options in regards to Iran, including a military one, must be on the table.
Netanyahu probably knows he will struggle to communicate this. He is asking the world now to focus on Iran's known, core ambition of nuclear independence.?
"People have to be consistent," he said. "They have to see the important thing. And the important thing is, does Iran veer away from that -- that is, does it make a U-turn and go the other direction. Not whether it smiles or presents this or that more respectable face. What it does, not what it says it will do."
Presidential Official Website / / EPA
A handout picture made available by Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's official website shows Ahmadinejad (L) greeting Iranian President-elect Hassan Rowhani (R) in Tehran on Tuesday.
Paradoxically, Israel had one of its best cards in the figure of Ahmadinejad when he cast doubt on the Holocaust and said Israel should be wiped of the face of the Earth. How could anyone do a deal with, or even talk to, a president who said such things??Israel knew the more Ahmadinejad ranted, the more the world would see how unreasonable Iran was.
Now he's leaving power and things are poised to change. ?
Israel knows Rowhani's election is a moment of hope, a time for cautious optimism, perhaps an opportunity for a new and successful round of talks on the nuclear issue. It also knows Rowhani is a wily negotiator.
When he was his country's chief nuclear negotiator from 2003 to 2005, Rowhani kept Iran's nuclear program going without sanctions being imposed and without Iran being referred to the United Nations Security Council. He has also insisted that Washington and the West recognize what he said was Iran's right to enrich uranium.
By simply smiling as he did so much in his first news conference on Monday, Rowhani presents Israel with a challenge. Repeating the same phrases about the clock ticking and military options won't be enough for Israel now ? it may have to find another way to check Iran?s nuclear ambitions.
At schools, in shops, and on the streets of big cities and small towns, daily life plays out in Iran.
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July 9, 2013
By CJ Lippstreu
Not that anybody should be surprised, but Samsung?s UAPROF (User Agent Profile) for the Galaxy Note III confirms that it will feature a 1920?1080 Full HD display and an ARM processor. Noted as model number SM-N900T and SM-N900A, the Galaxy Note 3 has been rumored with numerous, often contrasting, specifications over the past six months. The over-sized Android smartphone isn?t expected to be unveiled until IFA 2013 in early September, so hopefully more leaks confirming other details start to trickle out soon.
According to rumors and speculation, the Galaxy Note III could sport anywhere from a 5.7 to 6.3-inch 1080p FHD Super AMOLED or LCD display. The general consensus is that it will rock Qualcomm?s Snapdragon 800 quad-core processor, but don?t rule out the Exynos 5 Octa octo-core chipset for select regions. While 2GB of RAM seems likely, there?s also a rumor claiming it will be one of the first devices to house 3GB of RAM. It?s expected to come equipped with a 13 megapixel camera to match the Galaxy S4 as well.
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Sound wasn?t meant to stand still.
Neither, it seems, is Steve Remote, which may explain his love affair with the audible force that rushes through the air at 1,126 feet per second.
And while the mobile production fleet that he?s created may not look supersonic, it?s adeptly kept Remote in the race ? for decades on end.
Based out of Queens, Remote and his dedicated team of engineers have built up nothing less than a national resource for audio: Aura-Sonic, which was founded in 1977 and today stands as the oldest operating, single-owner mobile recording company in the USA. The shows and sheds captured since then are countless, including Aerosmith, Bruce Springsteen, Coldplay, Dave Brubeck, Frank Zappa, Green Day, Herbie Hancock, Interpol, James Brown, Lenny Kravitz, My Morning Jacket, Neville Brothers, Queens of the Stone Age, Radiohead, Talking Heads, UB40, Van Dyke Parks, Wilco, XTC, and Yo Yo Ma, just for starters.
Steve Remote in one of his mobile homes ? the ultra-advanced Elroy.
And there?s no sign of slowing down, especially with the summer music season now in high gear. With voyages to the Newport Folk Festival and Newport Jazz Festival right around the corner, and a solid schedule of live recordings at venues nationwide on the books, Aura-Sonic has its work cut out for them. Which is exactly the way Remote likes it.
Designing and fabricating a killer truck and doing a great job is what motivates me,? Steve Remote says. ?Imagine having a hobby that turned out to be your gig. Even if I have a slow month, it doesn?t matter: I have plenty of things to do.?
Constructing A Flexible Fleet
How do you achieve such high mileage in the ultra-competitive, and incredibly labor-intensive, sector that is mobile audio?
It would be easy to chalk it up to a road warrior mentality, but there?s a lot more to it than that. In Steve Remote?s case, his palpable passion has many energy sources: a deep love for live music, a curious mind bent on invention, and a technical mastery of his craft. If he can dream it, he really can do it, provided he?s got the time and resources at hand.
The proof is experiencing Remote in the Aura-Sonic field shop, an intriguing HQ where military-spec organization and a creative vibe magically coincide ? step inside, and you?re face-to-face with his rolling creations.
First you?ll find The Bread Mobile ,a GMC/Grumman Kurbmaster Stepvan (Exterior: 25.5? L x 11.5? H x 96? W) that espouses Remote?s ?Open Architecture? philosophy of full flexibility, allowing it to be customized for everything from VO/ADR sessions to a full 56-input mobile recording studio.
The Bread Machine on Newport Festival location.
Parked alongside this venerable vehicle is Cosmo, a 36-foot long Hino 268A rig (Exterior: 36.0? L x 11.5? H x 102? W) originally owned by Creedence Clearwater Revival?s Doug ?Cosmo? Clifford and Stu Cook, and then owned and operated by Phil Edwards Recording. Aura-Sonic is currently in the process of converting it over to the Open Architecture design, and it?s set to debut in the first quarter of 2014.
The next level is Elroy, a 33,000-lb Mercedes expando truck (Exterior Expando Dimensions: 22.0? L x 11.5? H x 14.0? W) where the Open Architecture Platform is maximized, to say the least. Designed with extreme input/output capabilities, Elroy can do far more than just location sound ? it?s a rolling recording studio where virtually all things audio/video are possible: It can serve as a broadcast control room, music mix suite, post production/editing suite, video assist, ADR/VO, live studio space, machine room, rehearsal space, high-tech green room, demonstration show room?plus anything else that Aura-Sonic?s clients can think of.
And there?s nothing Steve Remote seems to like more than a new idea.
All of Aura Sonic?s mobile environments can be a strong complement not just to a live concert but also to promotional content and events for a brand. In one example, Aura-Sonic captured several adventurous on-location live music videos for the Converse ?Ready, Set Get Lost? series with The Bread Mobile.
Taking it a step further, Heineken had Aura-Sonic bring The Bread Mobile out to Manhattan?s Pier 22 ? Heineken placed their logos on the truck, after which people outside listened to beats and wrote lyrics. Next they were invited to come inside The Bread Mobile and record their lyrics, then instantly come away with their new song on a USB flash drive.
Wheels of Invention
?I want to make this distinction,? says Remote, whose unlimited energy goes into overdrive within the expansive inner space of Elroy. ?Yes, I?m a remote recording engineer/producer/mixer, and Aura-Sonic has remote trucks, but the key is that we?re like an automotive industry: That?s because we?re designing and building every one of our trucks. If something isn?t already made, I?ll invent it and we?ll fabricate it here at the shop, to meet whatever our needs are.?
As an example, check out the entrance door to Elroy. Amidst the thousands of live recordings and broadcasts he executed, Remote knew that megastars often come back to the truck to review the live mixes. To ensure privacy, Remote wanted a door whose glass could be privately opaque, and then totally transparent at the touch of a button later on. Further, the door had to be able to withstand the unique rigors of being attached to a road vehicle.
So Remote designed Elroy?s unique door with a laminated Suspended Particle Device (SPD) Smartglass and Liquid Crystal (LC) Polycarbonate privacy glass panel assembly. Applying electrical voltage to the SPD film via regulation of the 120V, users can observe a wide range of light control. The exact level of transparency can be dialed into the SPD Smart Glass, from opaque to totally clear. Remove the current, and the glass returns to the frosted ?private? state.
?My friends have said to me, ?Why not buy a door that?s all ready to go??? Remote relates. ?We could do that, except I wanted something special. Moreover, I want to learn how to build it, and therefore how to fix it. So I take these things that have happened to us, and say, ?How do we think of a better way, and make sure we?ll never have an issue???
Elroy, expanded and in action.
Space Ship Elroy
While all of his trucks have their high points, Elroy is a uniquely versatile mobile unit, providing Aura-Sonic and its clients with an inspiring hub to create in ? or branch out from, as the case may be.
A dual-expanding wall truck that?s been evolving non-stop since 1999, Elroy is designed to be configurable to any media production need, and in a highly efficient form. Its interior can accommodate multiple operator positions all in one space, and the main mixing position is pre-configured for 5.1 surround monitoring.
Input/output possibilities are absolutely huge: Elroy?s passenger side ?Inside Universe? patch bay has 2080 points that can connect to the flexibly assembled ?Main,? ?Aux? and ?Outside Universe? rack panels. The driver side ?Guest Area? patch bay provides a completely independent system with the capabilities of connecting to the ?Guest? and ?Outside Universe? rack panels. The ?Guest Area? power is completely isolated from the main power via a second isolation transformer.
Being inside Elroy, it?s easy to forget you?re in something that can easily move from city to city, and state to state ? the feeling is one of being in a decently spacious studio control room or broadcast/post suite. People have plenty of room to walk around, or can scoot around in their chairs.
If preferred, a band can set up inside and be recorded in a world-class studio environment, right on the spot. We can tell you a thousand more words about that or you can see for yourself how well it works in the live music video below, where the six-man NYC band Hey Guy records their melodic metal without any overdubs:
Note the pro video production for the video, which is not something Aura-Sonic farmed out. Knowing full well that live video streaming to the Web is important to today?s content producers, Remote has designed Elroy to be a turnkey operation that drives up and then provides all the audio, video and production capabilities needed. Elroy can also be paired up with one of their rigs or any other remote recording facility to provide an on-location mobile studio space and control room environment.
?I look at it as reinvention ? now that we?ve got this mobile environment, how can we use it?? Remote explains. ?People are starting to see that this truck can do all these other things, beyond music and television production. What do you want it to do? It?s about new ideas. This truck can come to a big event, but it?s not just there to capture a show ? it?s a part of the event.?
Recruiting A Competitive Crew ?
Naturally, Steve Remote doesn?t do this alone. He has a staff of full-time and freelance associates that keeps the fleet humming.
Not surprisingly, getting into the Aura-Sonic system is a rigorous process. Remote launched his own career in 1976, when he showed up at Max?s Kansas City with an eight-channel Sony MX-20 mixer and a two-track Studer A700 tape recorder and talked his way into recording the New York Dolls that weekend. Just 18 years old at the time, Remote went on to record many other live shows at the storied club.
All the while ? on the way to taking part in the recording of three Grammy Award winning albums and winning a 2009 TEC Award ? Remote was studying audio fundamentals and training himself to be self-sufficient, a trait he passes on to his staff as they train and move through the ranks: Audio Utility, Audio Assistant, Recording Engineer, and ultimately Engineer in Charge or Music Producer.
?We take the old British recording studio approach,? he says. ?When I take on an intern or an apprentice, they learn from the ground up: how to build a cable, wire stuff, fabricate tables and racks. You pass that, then you move on to help us prep a gig ? that?s an Audio Utility, a person who made it out of the shop and knows what they?re doing enough to move cables and gear. Moving up from there, you?re setting up recorders or microphones.
?It?s not about how much time you?ve put into it,? Remote continues. ?It?s about how much you?ve learned. When you do a live broadcast and you?re going out to ten million homes it?s got to be right ? you make a mistake and its forever. We?re only as good as our last gig.?
A Live Life
No matter what directions Steve Remote?s explorations lead next, it all circles back to the same source of nonstop excitement for him.
?The stimulating part of it is the live thing,? Remote says. ?That special performance can never be redone. The one-shot nature of it all. You can?t get that as vividly in a studio as you can in a mobile or on location situation. That?s what?s great about this business: It?s always about going to these interesting locations, and making it as good as it possibly could be. Bring out the best.?
? David Weiss
Inside the Bread Mobile, set up for a PGA Tour broadcast.
The Bread Mobile at Brooklyn?s Fast Ashleys Studio.
?
Back inside Elroy with Aura-Sonic?s Felix Toro, you have depth?
?with width?
?for space to spread out?
?or get totally musical.
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FILE - This June 17, 2013 file photo shows President Barack Obama meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland. President Barack Obama brushed aside sharp European criticism on Monday, suggesting all nations spy on each other, as the French and Germans expressed outrage over alleged U.S. eavesdropping on European Union diplomats. American analyst-turned-leaker Edward Snowden, believed to be stranded for the past week at Moscow?s international airport, applied for political asylum to remain in Russia. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, File)
FILE - This June 17, 2013 file photo shows President Barack Obama meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland. President Barack Obama brushed aside sharp European criticism on Monday, suggesting all nations spy on each other, as the French and Germans expressed outrage over alleged U.S. eavesdropping on European Union diplomats. American analyst-turned-leaker Edward Snowden, believed to be stranded for the past week at Moscow?s international airport, applied for political asylum to remain in Russia. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, File)
Russian President Vladimir Putin attends the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) in the Kremlin in Moscow, Monday, July 1, 2013. (AP Photo/Ivan Sekretarev, Pool)
In this photo taken on Monday, June 24, 2013, shows a view of Moscow's Airport Sheremetyevo, terminal E, with a hotel for transit passengers at the transit zone inside. Leaker Snowden has been caught in legal limbo in the transit zone of Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport since his arrival from Hong Kong on June 23. The U.S. has annulled his passport, and Ecuador, where he has hoped to get asylum, says it may take months to rule on his case. Russia's President Vladimir Putin said Monday, July 1, 2013, that Snowden will have to stop leaking U.S. secrets if he wants to get asylum in Russia, but added that Snowden has no plan to stop leaking. (AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko Jr)
FILE - In this file photo taken Friday, June 28, 2013, a Russian supporter of National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden holds a poster outside Sheremetyevo airport in Moscow. Leaker Snowden has been caught in legal limbo in the transit zone of Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport since his arrival from Hong Kong on June 23. The U.S. has annulled his passport, and Ecuador, where he has hoped to get asylum, says it may take months to rule on his case. Russia's President Vladimir Putin said Monday, July 1, 2013, that Snowden will have to stop leaking U.S. secrets if he wants to get asylum in Russia, but added that Snowden has no plan to stop leaking. (AP Photo/Sergei Grits, File)
Russian President Vladimir Putin, right, and Bolivian President Evo Morales, second right, attend the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) in the Kremlin in Moscow, Monday, July 1, 2013. (AP Photo/Maxim Shemetov, Pool)
WASHINGTON (AP) ? President Barack Obama brushed aside sharp European criticism on Monday, suggesting that all nations spy on each other as the French and Germans expressed outrage over alleged U.S. eavesdropping on European Union diplomats. American analyst-turned-leaker Edward Snowden, believed to still be at Moscow's international airport, applied for political asylum to remain in Russia.
Russian President Vladimir Putin, in a statement he acknowledged sounded odd, told reporters in Moscow that Snowden would have to stop leaking U.S. secrets if he wanted asylum in Russia ? and he added that Snowden seemed unwilling to stop publishing leaks of classified material. At the same time, Putin said that he had no plans to turn over Snowden to the United States.
Obama, in an African news conference with Tanzanian President Jakaya Kikwete, said the U.S. would provide allies with information about new reports that the National Security Agency had bugged EU offices in Washington, New York and Brussels. But he also suggested such activity by governments would hardly be unusual.
"We should stipulate that every intelligence service ?not just ours, but every European intelligence service, every Asian intelligence service, wherever there's an intelligence service ? here's one thing that they're going to be doing: They're going to be trying to understand the world better, and what's going on in world capitals around the world," he said. "If that weren't the case, then there'd be no use for an intelligence service."
The latest issue concerns allegations of U.S. spying on European officials in the German news weekly Der Spiegel. French President Francois Hollande on Monday demanded that the U.S. immediately stop any such eavesdropping and suggested the widening controversy could jeopardize next week's opening of trans-Atlantic trade talks between the United States and Europe.
"We cannot accept this kind of behavior from partners and allies," Hollande said on French television.
German government spokesman Steffen Seibert told reporters in Berlin, "Eavesdropping on friends is unacceptable." He declared, "We're not in the Cold War anymore."
Even before the latest disclosures, talks at the upcoming free-trade sessions were expected to be fragile, with disagreements surfacing over which items should be covered or excluded from an agreement. The United States has said there should be no exceptions. But France has called for exempting certain cultural products, and other Europeans do not appear eager to give up longtime agricultural subsidies.
Obama said the Europeans "are some of the closest allies that we have in the world." But he added, "I guarantee you that in European capitals, there are people who are interested in, if not what I had for breakfast, at least what my talking points might be should I end up meeting with their leaders. That's how intelligence services operate."
Nonetheless, Obama said he'd told his advisers to "evaluate everything that's being claimed" and promised to share the results with allies.
Meanwhile, the Interfax news agency said a Russian consular official has confirmed that Snowden had asked for asylum in Russia.
Interfax cited Kim Shevchenko, the duty officer at the Russian Foreign Ministry's consular office in Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport, as saying that Snowden's representative, Sarah Harrison, handed over his request on Sunday.
Snowden, in legal limbo, is believed to have been in the airport's transit zone since his arrival from Hong Kong on June 23. The U.S. has annulled his passport, and Ecuador, where he has hoped to get asylum, has been giving off mixed signals about offering him shelter.
"If he wants to go somewhere and there are those who would take him, he is welcome to do so," Putin said. "If he wants to stay here, there is one condition: He must stop his activities aimed at inflicting damage on our American partners, no matter how strange it may sound coming from my lips."
Obama said "there have been high-level discussions with the Russians" about Snowden's situation.
"We don't have an extradition treaty with Russia. On the other hand, you know, Mr. Snowden, we understand, has traveled there without a valid passport, without legal papers. And you know we are hopeful that the Russian government makes decisions based on the normal procedures regarding international travel and the normal procedures regarding international travel and the normal interactions that law enforcement has. So I can confirm that."
Putin didn't mention any Snowden effort to seek asylum in Russia, and spokesman Dmitry Peskov declined to say what the Russian response might be. Putin insisted that Snowden wasn't a Russian agent and that Russian security agencies hadn't contacted him.
Three U.S. officials, speaking on condition of anonymity because they weren't authorized to publicly discuss the Snowden case, said Washington's efforts were focused primarily on persuading Russia to deport Snowden either directly to the United States or to a third country, possibly in eastern Europe, that would then hand him over to U.S. authorities.
In a sign of the distrust the latest report had revealed, the German government said it had launched a review of its secure government communications network and the EU's executive, the European Commission, ordered "a comprehensive ad hoc security sweep."
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said Monday he didn't know the details of the allegations, but he still played them down, maintaining that many nations undertake various activities to protect their national interests. Kerry failed to quell the outrage from allies, including France, Germany and Italy.
A spokesman for Herman Van Rompuy, the president of the European Council, said, "The European Union has demanded and expects full and urgent clarification by the U.S. regarding the allegations."
According to Der Spiegel's report, which it said was partly based on information leaked by Snowden, NSA planted bugs in the EU's diplomatic offices in Washington and infiltrated the building's computer network. Similar measures were taken at the EU's mission to the United Nations in New York, the magazine said.
It also reported that NSA used secure facilities at NATO headquarters in Brussels to dial into telephone maintenance systems that would have allowed it to intercept senior officials' calls and Internet traffic at a key EU office nearby.
As for Snowden, White House national security spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden said the White House won't comment on specific asylum requests but reiterated its message to all countries that he "needs to be expelled back to the U.S. based on the fact that he doesn't have travel documents and the charges pending against him."
Regarding possible effects on U.S. interactions with Russia, she said it remains the case "that we don't want this issue to negatively impact the bilateral relationship."
___
Associated Press writers Vladimir Isachenkov in Moscow, Sarah DiLorenzo in Paris, Frank Jordans and Geir Moulson in Berlin, Elena Becatoros in Athens, Raf Casert in Brussels, Deb Riechmann in Brunei, Nicole Winfield in Rome, Julie Pace in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Matthew Lee in Washington contributed to this report.
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(NPR) ? Sometimes, it doesn?t take a major diet overhaul to get significant health benefits. Small changes can be helpful, too.
This seems to be the take-home message from a new study in JAMA Internal Medicine linking olive oil and nuts to improved survival from prostate cancer.
Researchers studied the fat intake of more than 4,500 men who had been diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer (this is cancer that?s still confined to the prostate gland and has not spread to another place in the body).
Source: http://www.wnd.com/2013/06/olive-oil-nuts-tied-to-prostate-cancer-survival/
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The NC State Wolfpack? More ACC college football? Yes, we usually have a whole lot of mid-majors, ACC and basketball schools ranked in the 60s and 70s every year. The NC State Wolfpack are usually down here in the 77 in 77 dregs with Syracuse, Virginia, Kentucky, Boston College, Duke, and Indiana. It?s often b-ball schools and ACC; or both.
NCSU has had some great basketball recruiting classes, but that they haven?t exactly performed like a ?basketball school? recently.
NC State Wolfpack reasons to get EXCITED ALL CAPS: They?ve been to three straight bowl games, and look like they might be a factor in the ACC Atlantic under new Coach Dave Doeren. He won with the NIU Huskies, and has a great track record. He also brought over his star Offensive Coordinator Matt Canada. The defense was at least passable, if not solid.
NC State Wolfpack reasons to get worried :( ? The run game pretty much engage in lordosis behavior for opposing defensive front sevens. There is a new signal caller to break in as well. He won?t be a Mike Glennon or Phillip Rivers type. Can Doeren and Canada game manage the uncertain and unstable QB situation?
The offense needs to learn how to run the ball and manage clock to keep that mediocre defense off the field. Only four starters return on both sides of the ball. The Pack are to ball control what Tim Beckman is to coaching too. 99th in the nation, 10th in the ACC in turnover margin.
NC State Wolfpack Key games: With Louisiana Tech and Richmond off the mat, they?ll be 2-0 out of the gates. Clemson in week three will be the right test. If they?re 3-1 going into Oct 5 vs Wake Forest, Syracuse the next, if they?re 5-1 heading to Florida State Oct 26th, we?ll see who?s for real or not.
NC State Wolfpack bottom line: They could be worse than their record indicates, but 5-7 to 7-5 is your scenario with a low tier bowl bid possible. They?ll pad their W-L by feasting off a weak ACC.
Key & Peele East/West College Bowl Roster: Bra?Lon Cherry, Marchez Coates, K?Hadree Hooker, Shadrach Thornton, Kenderius Whitehead
For the 2013 College Football rankings 1-77
#77 Colorado Buffaloes
#76 Kansas Jayhawks
#75 Ohio Bobcats
#74 Wake Forest Demon Deacons
#73 Syracuse Orange
#72 Boston College Eagles
#71 Kentucky Wildcats
#70 Minnesota Golden Gophers
#69 Duke Blue Devils
#68 Marshall Thundering Herd
#67 Indiana Hoosiers
#66 Virginia Cavaliers
Paul M. Banks is the owner of The Sports Bank.net. (?Quasi-endorsed? by Philadelphia Eagles Coach Chip Kelly) He?s also an author who also contributes regularly to MSN, Fox Sports , Chicago Now, Walter Football.com and Yardbarker
Banks has appeared on the History Channel, as well as Clear Channel, ESPN and CBS radio all over the world. The NFL and NBA expert does a weekly spot for 95.7 The Fan. President Barack Obama follows him on Twitter (@PaulMBanks), like him on Facebook
Source: http://www.thesportsbank.net/college-fball/nc-state-wolfpack-786/
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10 hours ago
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Lionel Richie says his own songs helped him.
Many people have turned to music at sad times in their lives. Singer Lionel Richie is no different -- except the music he turned to was his own.
Richie told the U.K. Mirror that in the 1990s, he was going through a divorce and fighting depression
"Then a friend said to me: ?Lionel, I have some inspirational tapes I want you to listen to,'" Richie recalled to the newspaper. "He handed me my own songs with certain ones underlined and I started listening to my lyrics ? this time from the point of view of someone who needed that message.
?I used to look out into the audience and wonder why that guy was crying to one of my songs and now I get it -? it just hits something in your core," Richie said.
The singer also admitted that he wasn't always there for daughter Nicole when she was growing up. ?When Nicole was young I was trying to become Lionel Richie," the singer said. "I wasn?t there as much as I should have been. ... These days we are incredibly close and I am a very proud grandfather. She?s a wonderful mother.?
Richie will start his first U.S. tour in a decade this fall. "I have never had a job in my life," he told the Mirror. "This is still my hobby and I want to use the gift for good."
Source: http://www.today.com/entertainment/lionel-richie-my-own-songs-saved-me-depression-6C10488483
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The movement to legalize multi-partner marriage got a huge boost with this week?s ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court that the federal government must give benefits to same-sex married partners, according to advocates of polygamy.
?We polyamorists are grateful to our brothers and sisters for blazing the marriage equality trail,? Anita Wagner Illig told U.S. News and World Report.
Polygamy logo by Akrabbim via wikimedia commons
She works as an educator, activist and writer of a blog called Practical Polyamory.
?I would absolutely want to seek multi-partner marriage ? it would eliminate a common challenge polyamorists face when two are legally married and others in their group relationships aren?t part of that marriage,? she said.
She, like many critics of gay marriage, argued it?s a matter of equality ? the concept cited by the U.S. court in its decision.
?A favorable outcome for marriage equality is a favorable outcome for multi-partner marriage, because the opposition cannot argue lack of precedent for legalizing marriage for other forms of non-traditional relationships,? she said.
?If it was decriminalized, and you gave women and men the choice, you would create a much more healthy environment for both the community itself but also for the people living it,? Elisa Wall told FOX 13. ?Because people could come in and out if they chose to. More than anything, my personal belief is that creating that foundation for a healthy polygamous lifestyle is the only way we?re going to impact the youth. It?s the only way we?re going to protect them.?
Wall spoke in the interview discussing the movement that some of those who still live ? and believe ? in the principle of plural marriage insist decriminalization would allow people to freely report potential abuse without fear of the entire family being prosecuted.
Polyamorists in Canada, which is ahead of the United States by several years in expanding the definition of marriage, are demanding formal recognition.
The Canadian Polyamory Advocacy Association said this month it wants to see polyamoras relationships treated on the same legal footing as others.
From Chicago Now:
If polygamy were once again declared legal, think of the extended family support that it would provide to single women and children who cannot find either a member of the opposite sex or same sex to enter into a loving union with them.
Here are 5 good reasons to reinstate polygamy:
1. Provide food and shelter by private means
2. Allow the terminally single, men and women, to have some sort of lasting ?and legal union with benefits, no matter if not complete and whole.
3. To provide for the care of children, which can supplement the government?s burden.
4. To form close-knit and protective communities.
5. To provide for the sexual variety that many psychologists ?claim necessary to keep a marriage alive.
Fair is fair, and the time is now.
Brandon Jones - Writer and Co-Founder of The Global Dispatch, Brandon has been covering news for Examiner, starting and writing for several different websites including the diverse blognews site Desk of Brian. To Contact Brandon email [email?protected] ATTN: BRANDON
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Looking for a way to escape the summer heat? Pop into any of these galleries nationwide or abroad and get your fix of cool temps and hot sciart.
EXHIBITS: NORTHEAST REGION
WINGED TAPESTRIES: Moths at Large
through September 29, 2013
American Museum of Natural History
Central Park West and 79th St.
New York, NY
Witness the arresting beauty and surprising diversity of moths in a presentation of more than 30 large-format prints by Canadian photographer Jim des Rivi?res. Des Rivi?res creates these larger-than-life images by scanning each moth at high resolution to reveal unexpected colors and intricate patterns.
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MARSH MADNESS: Wonders of Wetlands
June 7 ? July 26, 2013
Legacy Foundation Gallery
Community School of Music and Arts
Ithaca, NY
Members of the Finger Lakes Chapter of the Guild of Natural Science Illustrators present a sampling of some of their favorite wetlands species and habitats. Participating artists: Paula Bensadoun, Henrike Burton, Candy Cima, Marla Coppolino, Margaret Corbit, Camille Doucet, Gretchen Halpert, Phil Hutchings, Shirley Hogg, Iva Lesky, Liisa Mobley, Margy Nelson, Kathy Schlough, and Susanne Williams. Photographs are by our special guest, Daniel Elswit, of Mist, Light & Stone Photography.
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COLLISION:19
June 14 to July 28, 2013
Boston CyberArts Gallery
141 Green Street
Jamaica Plain, MA
COLLISION:19 includes twenty-two artists from eight countries around the world whose work lingers at the junction of art, technology and science. Some pieces, such as Elizabeth Fuller?s Schr?dinger, address our acceptance of scientific theories. Schr?dinger is an exercise in frustration: the closer you approach the piece, the more difficult it is to see the subject. Others are social experiments where technology is implemented to uncover something about human behavior. This can be seen in Lauren McCarthy?s Social Turkers: Crowdsourced Relationships where Amazon?s Mechanical Turk (a website where one can hire a person to perform jobs that computers aren?t able to accomplish) gets paid to watch and give feedback on romantic dates. Chosen from an international open call, COLLISION:19 exemplifies the diverse range of work produced by artists working under the influence of technology.
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Princeton University?s ART of SCIENCE
through September 15, 2013
Liberty Science Center
222 Jersey City Boulevard
Jersey City, NJ
The Art of Science exhibition marks Princeton University?s 6th annual competition for images that explore the interplay between science and art. Both of these disciplines involve the pursuit of those moments of discovery when what is perceived suddenly becomes more than the sum of its parts. Each piece in this exhibition is, in its own way, a record of such a moment. These 44 extraordinary images are not art for art?s sake. Rather, they were produced during the course of scientific research. For those not able to make it to New Jersey to view the exhibition in person, the images and the science behind them can be viewed online.
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EXHIBITS: SOUTH
BIRDS IN ART
May 25 to August 18, 2013
McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, TN
Since 1976, the Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum has organized Birds in Art annually, seeking to present the very best contemporary artistic interpretations of birds and related subject matter. This touring exhibit presents original paintings, sculptures, and graphics created in the last two years by artists from the world over, and celebrates the timeless appeal of birds through fresh artistic interpretations. Visitors can expect such works as: the sleek warmth of Lucinda Kate McEachern?s bronze plumed whistling duck; the stark contrast of a bulbul bird against rusted rebar in a Karl Taylor acrylic painting; and Hubert the bright-eyed screech owl in charcoal and ink on paper by Karen Bondarchuk.
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EXHIBITS: MIDWEST
ART UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: Bioartography Quilts
June 3 ? August 31, 2013
Center for Care and Discovery
University of Chicago Hospitals
5841 S. Maryland Avenue
Chicago, IL
A collection of 16 textured quilts inspired by scientific photographs of biological structures is being exhibited at the Center for Care and Discovery, marking the beginning of a series of art installations set for the new hospital pavilion. Photomicrographs taken by researchers at the University of Michigan Center for Organogenesis inspired each of the quilts in the exhibit. Washington, D.C.,-area art quilters from a group called Fiber Artists @ Loose Ends emulated the researchers? photomicrographs using fabrics such as suede, tulle and satin embellished with glass beads, crystals and embroidery to make textile renditions of the microscopic blood vessels, skin cells, retinas and other human and animal tissues.
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ANIMAL INSIDE OUT: A Body Worlds Production
March 14 ? September 2, 2013
Museum of Science and Industry
5700 S. Lakeshore Drive
Chicago, IL
This exhibit, from anatomist Dr. Gunther von Hagens?creator of the trailblazing Body Worlds exhibitions?showcases amazing animal specimens preserved through the process of plastination, which replaces the body?s fluids with plastics to incredibly detailed effect. From goats to giraffes and octopuses to ostriches, you?ll see the inner workings of some of the world?s most impressive animals and better understand the evolution of animals and the natural world.
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FRAGILE ENDURANCE: Work by Kate MacDowell
February 10 ? September 22, 2013
John Michael Kohler Arts Center
608 New York Avenue
Sheboygan, WI
FRAGILE ENDURANCE explores the friction and discomfort in man?s relationship with nature. These works raise the question of our own vulnerability within changing ecological systems. Kate MacDowell?s choices of material and subject matter respond to environmental stressors such as climate change and species extinction. Her case studies of two extinct species?the Costa Rican golden toad and the passenger pigeon?can be seen as thoughtful records of lost life forms and commentaries on our own culpability.
**Kate MacDowell?s work was previously featured on Symbiartic in Conservation Conversation in Clay.
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EXHIBITS: WEST
RUNNING WILD
June 1 ? July 13, 2013
Anthology Fine Art Gallery
635 Santa Fe Drive
Denver, CO
Patrick Maxcy is a painter, illustrator, and muralist who is fascinated by the natural world. His exhibit, Running Wild, showcases his back-to-the-basics drawing chops and his flair for telling compelling stories. His drawings are worth the trip alone for any appreciator of art, but if you?re a fellow science geek, he will win you over instantly with his depictions of hairy yeti crabs, giant tube worms, and his liberal use of cephalopods.
**Patrick Maxcy?s work was previously featured on Symbiartic in You Had Me At Hydrothermal Vent Worms.
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THE ART OF RECOLOGY
May 16 ? October 27, 2013
F2 ? North Connect Gallery
San Francisco International Airport,
United Airlines Terminal (Terminal 3)
San Francisco, CA
This exhibition celebrates the Recology San Francisco Artist in Residence Program and presents over one-hundred pieces made by forty-five artists. Founded in 1990, the Recology San Francisco Artist in Residence Program promotes recycling and reuse, and encourages people to reflect on how their consumption practices affect the environment. All of the works on display were made in the art studio at the San Francisco Solid Waste Transfer and Recycling Facility and constructed from materials the artists scavenged from the Public Disposal and Recycling Area (or what we affectionately refer to as ?the dump?).
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New Paintings by KEVIN SLOAN
July 28 ? August 10, 2013
William Havu Gallery
1040 Cherokee Street
Denver, CO
**Kevin Sloan?s work was previously featured on Symbiartic in What Would Audubon Paint Today?
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EXHIBITS: ABROAD
Martin Klimas: SONIC SCULPTURES
April 10 ? July 6, 2013
The Landestheater
Linz, Austria
To celebrate the opening of a new opera house in Linz, Austria, artist Martin Klimas is exhibiting 20 photographs of his SONIC sculptures. To create these lively jaunts of color, Klimas droped paint on a thin membrane and subjected it to music by Paul Hindemith, Carl Orff, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Mouse on Mars, Kraftwerk and more. What does music look like? This is one interpretation.
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Susan Aldworth: TRANSIENCE
June 6 ? July 20, 2013
GV Art Gallery
49 Chiltern Street, Marylebone
London, England
?Could I translate the physicality of the brain into an artwork? It would be the ultimate portrait of someone made from the authentic marks of the physical brain itself.? ?Susan Aldworth 2013
This solo exhibition includes ground breaking work by the artist Susan Aldworth as she continues her investigations into the relationship between mind and body. Since 1999, Aldworth, an experimental print and film maker who combines digital photography and state of the art medical imagery in her work, has explored the depths of consciousness and the transience of self. Her persistent fascination with the physical brain has led to a new body of work which has evolved using techniques from the most traditional to the more radical, as shown in this exhibition. In Transience Aldworth explores the brain as matter and has made a suite of prints ? a historical first ? etching directly from human brain tissue.
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THE ART OF SCIENCE: Scientific Illustrations from Museum Victoria
June 01, 2013 ? July 21, 2013
Art Gallery of Ballarat
40 Lydiard Street North
Ballarat, Victoria AUSTRALIA
Whether they fly, swim, crawl, wiggle or walk, we are endlessly fascinated and inspired by the creatures of our world.The Art of Scienceshowcases the uncommon beauty produced from 300 years of exacting scientific observation and illustration. As exploration and science have expanded our horizons across time and space, the ability to capture and communicate the truths held in nature have become increasingly important. Scientific artwork is as important and astonishing today as it was in the 18th century. In this exquisite exhibition Museum Victoria presents the development of scientific art from the State museum?s seldom seen collection of artworks and rare books, and stunning images produced with microscopes, macro-lenses, and computers.
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EXHIBITS: ONLINE
Science Art-Nature?s WINDOWS ON EVOLUTION: An Artistic Celebration of Charles Darwin
The University of Tennessee?s EARLY IMAGES OF EGYPT: Selected Images of Egypt in the Photographic Archive Collection of the Frank H. McClung Museum
Know of something we haven?t listed here? Send me an email at symbiartic (dot) km (at) gmail (dot) com, or tweet me @eyeforscience with the deets. If it?s scienceart related, it?s fair game.
Source: http://rss.sciam.com/~r/sciam/basic-science/~3/d6X25-7rv7Q/post.cfm
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June 28, 2013 ? As narratives of "hook-up" culture take center stage in popular media, behavioral researchers are starting to ask what psychological consequences, if any, may be in store for young adults who engage in casual sex.
A new study in The Journal of Sex Research found higher levels of general anxiety, social anxiety, and depression among students who recently had casual sex. Entitled Risky Business: Is There an Association between Casual Sex and Mental Health among Emerging Adults?, the study surveyed over 3,900 heterosexual college students from across the United States about their casual sex behaviors and mental well-being. "Casual sex" was defined as having intercourse with a partner one has known for less than a week. Students from over 30 institutions around the country completed the online survey, making this the largest sample to be collected for a study on this topic. On average, 11% of students reported a casual sex encounter during the month prior to the survey, the majority of whom were men.
The study was led by Dr. Melina M. Bersamin of California State University, Sacramento. According to Dr. Bersamin, "It is premature to conclude that casual sexual encounters pose no harmful psychological risks for young adults." The results "suggest that among heterosexual college students, casual sex was negatively associated with well-being and positively associated with psychological distress."
The researchers also investigated the role of gender in determining mental distress linked to casual sex. Prior studies have found that women respond more negatively to casual sex than men, possibly because of double standards that allow men to have more sexual encounters with a greater number of partners than women. In this study, however, gender did not have an effect on outcomes.
"Risky Business" opens the door to future research questions about causal links between sexual behavior and mental health. Researchers have yet to determine whether casual sex leads to psychological distress, or if existing mental health problems cause young adults to engage in riskier behaviors.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/xp6zErJJCRw/130628130934.htm
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WASHINGTON (AP) ? For all the talk of Washington gridlock, the three branches of government are asserting their powers this week, and sometimes surprising their closest observers.
The Supreme Court kept affirmative action alive on college campuses and cleared the way for gay married couples to get federal benefits. A compromise-crafting Senate passed major immigration legislation. And President Barack Obama issued long-awaited orders to combat climate change.
It's possible these events will ultimately amount to little. The House might stifle the immigration bill, for instance. And the Supreme Court ordered a lower court to look hard at colleges' consideration of race when recruiting students.
Still, the first week of summer proved that all facets of the federal government still pack punches, even in a capital riven by partisanship.
The Supreme Court decisions caused the biggest stirs. The justices infuriated conservative lawmakers by overturning the federal Defense of Marriage Act.
At least as surprising was the decision on affirmative action, which some legal scholars had expected the Supreme Court to curtail severely. The NAACP said it was "pleased that the court chose to affirm that there is a place for race in university admissions."
Others, however, said affirmative action won little more than a reprieve, because new waves of legal challenges to race-conscious admissions seem imminent. And later, the NAACP and other liberal groups expressed dismay at another Supreme Court ruling, which nullified key elements of the Voting Rights Act.
Obama, meanwhile, acknowledged that Congress can reach no agreements on climate change, and announced his own plans to limit heat-trapping gases from coal-fired power plants. Using executive powers, the president laid out the first-ever federal regulations on carbon dioxide emitted by existing power plants, which is partly blamed for global warming and rising sea levels.
Republicans and numerous business groups immediately denounced him. It was a reminder -- as if anyone needed it -- of why it's hard for the federal government to take major steps on the environment and many other fields.
"It is astonishing that President Obama is unilaterally imposing new regulations that will cost jobs and increase energy prices," said House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio.
Environmental groups welcomed the president's moves, even as they called them long overdue. Environmental activists have grown increasingly frustrated since 2009 as they watched Obama place health care, Wall Street reform, immigration and other priorities ahead of curbing greenhouse gases.
The 2009-2010 congressional struggle to enact Obama's health care overhaul exacerbated Washington's already-intense partisanship. By late 2010 -- when tea party-backed Republicans regained control of the House -- antagonism between the parties grew so heated that once-routine tasks became major chores.
Since then in fact, some of Congress' most consequential actions essentially resulted from the inability to agree on anything. Decision-by-indecision became Washington's new operating method.
In 2011, Senate Republicans devised a strategy that effectively washed Congress' hands of any role in raising the federal debt limit.
Then, when lawmakers struggled for bipartisan spending agreements, they tried to jump-start negotiations by establishing severe national consequences if talks ultimately failed. The talks failed nonetheless, and the once unthinkable consequences -- the "fiscal cliff" tax hikes and "sequestration" spending cuts -- became law this year.
Not terribly long ago, Democrats and Republicans reached agreements to enact budgets, raise the debt limit, pass farm bills and do hundreds of other tasks. Now, bipartisan accords on almost anything will turn heads.
"We have an historic opportunity here in the Senate," Sen. Richard Durbin, D-Ill., said on the chamber floor Tuesday. He was speaking of the immigration bill that would tighten border security and grant pathways to citizenship for people here illegally.
"It doesn't happen very often," Durbin said. "A bipartisan bill! How about that?"
Some Americans, however, see bipartisanship as a betrayal of political principles.
"Primary Rubio!" someone shouted at a recent tea party rally at the Capitol. He was calling for a Republican primary challenge to Sen. Marco Rubio, the Florida Republican once seen as a tea party hero, and an author of the bipartisan Senate immigration plan.
The outbreak of robust government actions might not last. Congress is in recess next week, and many people expect a tough road for the immigration legislation in the Republican-controlled House when lawmakers return to Washington.
And Obama -- already accused of not using his presidential powers to inspire enough fear and friendships to advance his agenda -- may find his clout further reduced. The Supreme Court has agreed to consider whether the president violated the Constitution when he bypassed the Senate to appoint three people to the National Labor Relations Board.
---
Follow Charles Babington on Twitter: https://twitter.com/cbabington.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/federal-decisiveness-thrives-week-least-183948937.html
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Nokia's Lumia phones show promise despite the company's dwindling overall sales, and now's your chance to nab one at more affordable prices -- if you're willing to trade in an old phone, that is. The Finnish company's new trade up program in the US will take in old mobile devices and send back up to $300 loaded on a Visa prepaid card, so long as you also purchase a Lumia. A lot of brands and models are accepted (check out if yours is via the trade up portal linked below), but popular ones like the iPhone 4S, the Galaxy S 4, and the HTC One will net you the most money. So, if you're sick of being lost in a crowd of Androids and iPhones, now's the time to give WP8 a whirl.
Filed under: Cellphones, Mobile, Nokia
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June 27, 2013 ? For protein-based drugs such as insulin to be taken orally rather than injected, bioengineers need to find a way to shuttle them safely through the stomach to the small intestine where they can be absorbed and distributed by the bloodstream. Progress has been slow, but in a new study, researchers report an important technological advance: They show that a "bioadhesive" coating significantly increased the intestinal uptake of polymer nanoparticles in rats and that the nanoparticles were delivered to tissues around the body in a way that could potentially be controlled.
"The results of these studies provide strong support for the use of bioadhesive polymers to enhance nano- and microparticle uptake from the small intestine for oral drug delivery," wrote the researchers in the Journal of Controlled Release, led by corresponding author Edith Mathiowitz, professor of medical science at Brown University.
Mathiowitz, who teaches in Brown's Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, has been working for more than a decade to develop bioadhesive coatings that can get nanoparticles to stick to the mucosal lining of the intestine so that they will be taken up into its epithelial cells and transferred into the bloodstream. The idea is that protein-based medicines would be carried in the nanoparticles.
In the new study, which appeared online June 21, Mathiowitz put one of her most promising coatings, a chemical called PBMAD, to the test both on the lab bench and in animal models. Mathiowitz and her colleagues have applied for a patent related to the work, which would be assigned to Brown University.
In prior experiments, Mathiowitz and her group have shown not only that PBMAD has bioadhesive properties, but also that it withstands the acidic environment of the stomach and then dissolves in the higher pH of the small intestine.
Adhere, absorb, arrive
The newly published results focused on the question of how many particles, whether coated with PBMAD or not, would be taken up by the intestine and distributed to tissues. For easier tracking throughout the body, Mathiowitz's team purposely used experimental and control particles made of materials that the body would not break down. Because they were "non-erodible" the particles did not carry any medicine.
The researchers used particles about 500 nanometers in diameter made of two different materials: polystyrene, which adheres pretty well to the intestine's mucosal lining, and another plastic called PMMA, that does not. They coated some of the PMMA particles in PBMAD, to see if the bioadhesive coating could get PMMA particles to stick more reliably to the intestine and then get absorbed.
First the team, including authors Joshua Reineke of Wayne State University and Daniel Cho of Brown, performed basic benchtop tests to see how well each kind of particles adhered. The PBMAD-coated particles proved to have the strongest stickiness to intestinal tissue, binding more than twice as strongly as the uncoated PMMA particles and about 1.5 times as strongly as the polystyrene particles.
The main experiment, however, involved injecting doses of the different particles into the intestines of rats to see whether they would be absorbed and where those that were taken up could be found five hours later. Some rats got a dose of the polystyrene particles, some got the uncoated PMMA and some got the PBMAD-coated PMMA particles.
Measurements showed that the rats absorbed 66.9 percent of the PBMAD-coated particles, 45.8 percent of the polystyrene particles and only 1.9 percent of the uncoated PMMA partcles.
Meanwhile, the different particles had very different distribution profiles around the body. More than 80 percent of the polystyrene particles that were absorbed went to the liver and another 10 percent went to the kidneys. The PMMA particles, coated or not, found their way to a much wider variety of tissues, although in different distributions. For example, the PBMAD-coated particles were much more likely to reach the heart, while the uncoated ones were much more likely to reach the brain.
Pharmaceutical potential
The apparent fact that the differing surface properties of the similarly sized particles had such distinct distributions in the rats' tissues after the same five-hour period suggests that scientists could learn to tune particles to reach specific parts of the body, essentially targeting doses of medicines taken orally, Mathiowitz said.
"The distribution in the body can be somehow controlled with the type of polymer that you use," she said.
For now, she and her group have been working hard to determine the biophysics of how the PBMAD-coated particles are taken up by the intestines. More work also needs to be done, for instance to demonstrate actual delivery of protein-based medicines in sufficient quantity to tissues where they are needed.
But Mathiowitz said the new results give her considerable confidence.
"What this means now is that if I coat bioerodible nanoparticles correctly, I can enhance their uptake," she said. "Bioerodible nanoparticles are what we would ultimately like to use to deliver proteins. The question we address in this paper is how much can we deliver. The numbers we saw make the goal more feasible."
Another frontier for the delivery of nanoparticles is devising a safe method to make nanoparticles, Mathiowitz said, but, "we have already developed safe and reproducible methods to encapsulate proteins in tiny nanoparticles without compromising their biological activity."
In addition to Reineke, Cho, and Mathiowitz, other authors on the paper are Yu-Ting Liu Dingle, Stacia Furtado, Bryan Laulicht, Danya Lavin, and Peter M. Cheifetz, all of Brown University during the research.
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