Brain pathway triggering impulsive eating identified

Feb. 28, 2013 ? New research from the University of Georgia has identified the neural pathways in an insect brain tied to eating for pleasure, a discovery that sheds light on mirror impulsive eating pathways in the human brain.

"We know when insects are hungry, they eat more, become aggressive and are willing to do more work to get the food," said Ping Shen, a UGA associate professor of cellular biology in the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences. "Little is known about the other half-the reward-driven feeding behavior-when the animal is not so hungry but they still get excited about food when they smell something great.

The fact that a relatively lower animal, a fly larva, actually does this impulsive feeding based on a rewarding cue was a surprise."

The research team led by Shen, who also is a member of the Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, found that presenting fed fruit fly larvae with appetizing odors caused impulsive feeding of sugar-rich foods. The findings, published Feb. 28 in Cell Press, suggest eating for pleasure is an ancient behavior and that fly larvae can be used in studying neurobiology and the evolution of olfactory reward-driven impulses.

To test reward-driven behaviors in flies, Shen introduced appetizing odors to groups of well-fed larvae. In every case, the fed larvae consumed about 30 percent more food when surrounded by the attractive odors.

But when the insects were offered a substandard meal, they refused to eat it.

"They have expectations," he said. "If we reduce the concentration of sugar below a threshold, they do not respond anymore. Similar to what you see in humans, if you approach a beautiful piece of cake and you taste it and determine it is old and horrible, you are no longer interested."

Shen's team also tried to further define this phenomenon-the connection between excitement and expectation. He found when the larvae were presented with a brief odor, the amount of time they were willing to act on the impulse was about 15 minutes.

"After 15 minutes, they revert back to normal. You get excited, but you can't stay excited forever, so there is a mechanism to shut it down," he said.

His work also suggests the neuropeptides, or brain chemicals acting as signaling molecules triggering impulsive eating, are consistent between flies and humans. Neurons receive and convert stimuli into thoughts that are then relayed to the downstream mechanism telling the animals to act. These signaling molecules are required for this impulse, suggesting the molecular details of these functions are evolutionarily tied between flies and humans.

"There are hyper-rewarding cues that humans and flies have evolved to perceive, and they connect this perception with behavior performance," Shen said. "As long as this is activated, the animal will eat food. In this way, the brain is stupid: It does not know how it gets activated. In this case, the fly says 'I smell something, I want to do this.' This kind of connection has been established very early on, probably before the divergence of fly and human. That is why we both have it."

Impulsive and reward-driven behaviors are largely misunderstood, partially due to the complex systems at work in human brains. Fly larvae nervous systems, in terms of scheme and organization, are very similar to adult flies and to mammals, but with fewer neurons and less complex wirings.

"A particular function in the brain of mammals may require a large cluster of neurons," he said. "In flies, it may be only one or four. They are simpler in number but not principle."

In the fly model, four neurons are responsible for relaying signals from the olfactory center to the brain to stimulate action. Each odor and receptor translates the response slightly differently. Human triggers are obviously more diverse, but Shen thinks the mechanism to appreciate the combination is likely the same. He is now working with Tianming Liu, assistant professor of computer science at UGA and member of the Bioimaging Research Center and Institute of Bioinformatics, on a computer model to determine how these odors are interpreted as stimuli.

"Dieting is difficult, especially in the environment of these beautiful foods," Shen said. "It is very hard to control this impulsive urge. So, if we understand how this compulsive eating behavior comes about, we maybe can devise a way, at least for the behavioral aspect, to prevent it. We can modulate our behaviors better or use chemical interventions to calm down these cues."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Georgia. The original article was written by April Reese Sorrow.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Yonghua Wang, Yuhan Pu, Ping Shen. Neuropeptide-Gated Perception of Appetitive Olfactory Inputs in Drosophila Larvae. Cell Reports, 2013; DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.02.003

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/w47egAsfD9E/130228124644.htm

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Invaluable Websites Where You Can Educate Yourself for Free

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Science and Health

?? MIT OpenCourseWare?? MIT OpenCourseWare is a free web-based publication of MIT course materials that reflects almost all the undergraduate and graduate subjects taught at MIT.

?? Tufts OpenCourseWare?? Tufts OpenCourseWare is part of a new educational movement initiated by MIT that provides free access to course content for everyone online.? Tufts? course offerings demonstrate the University?s strength in the life sciences in addition to its multidisciplinary approach, international perspective and underlying ethic of service to its local, national and international communities.

?? HowStuffWorks Science?? More scientific lessons and explanations than you could sort through in an entire year.

?? Harvard Medical School Open Courseware?? The mission of the Harvard Medical School Open Courseware Initiative is to exchange knowledge from the Harvard community of scholars to other academic institutions, prospective students, and the general public.

?? Khan Academy?? Over 1200 videos lessons covering everything from basic arithmetic and algebra to differential equations, physics, chemistry, and biology.

?? Open Yale Courses?? Open Yale Courses provides lectures and other materials from selected Yale College courses to the public free of charge via the internet.? The courses span the full range of liberal arts disciplines, including humanities, social sciences, and physical and biological sciences.

?? webcast.berkeley?? Every semester, UC Berkeley webcasts select courses and events for on-demand viewing via the Internet.? webcast.berkeley course lectures are provided as a study resource for both students and the public.

?? UC San Diego Podcast Lectures?? UCSD?s podcasting service was established for instructional use to benefit our students.? Podcasts are taken down at the end of every quarter (10 weeks Fall-Spring and 5 weeks in the summer).? If you?re enjoying a podcast, be sure to subscribe and download the lectures.? Once the podcast has been taken offline, faculty rarely approve their reposting.

?? Johns Hopkins OpenCourseWare?? The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health?s OpenCourseWare project provides access to content of the School?s most popular courses. As challenges to the world?s health escalate daily, the School feels a moral imperative to provide equal and open access to information and knowledge about the obstacles to the public?s health and their potential solutions.

?? Carnegie Mellon Open Learning Initiative?? No instructors, no credits, no charge.? Use these self-guiding Carnegie Mellon materials and activities to learn at your own pace.

?? Utah State OpenCourseWare?? Utah State OpenCourseWare is a collection of educational material used in our formal campus courses, and seeks to provide people around the world with an opportunity to access high quality learning opportunities.

?? AMSER?? AMSER (the Applied Math and Science Education Repository) is a portal of educational resources and services built specifically for use by those in Community and Technical Colleges but free for anyone to use.

?? Wolfram Demonstrations Project?? Wolfram brings computational exploration to the widest possible audience, open-code resource that uses dynamic computation to illuminate concepts.? Free player runs all demos and videos.

?? The Science Forum?? A very active scientific discussion and debate forum.

?? Free Science and Video Lectures Online!?? A nice collection of video lectures and lessons on science and philosophy.

?? Science.gov?? Science.gov searches over 42 databases and over 2000 selected websites from 14 federal agencies, offering 200 million pages of authoritative U.S. government science information including research and development results.

?? The National Science Digital Library?? NSDL is the Nation?s online library for education and research in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics.

?? EnviroLink Network?? A? non-profit organization, grassroots online community uniting organizations and volunteers around the world.? Up-to-date environmental information and news.

?? Geology.com?? Information about geology and earth science to visitors without charge: Articles, News, Maps, Satellite Images, Dictionary, etc.

?? Scitable?? A free science library and personal learning tool that currently concentrates on genetics, the study of evolution, variation, and the rich complexity of living organisms.? The site also expects to expand into other topics of learning and education.

?? LearningScience.org?? A free open learning community for sharing newer and emerging tools to teach science.

Business and Money

?? MIT Sloan School of Management?? MIT Sloan is a world-class business school long renowned for thought leadership and the ability to successfully partner theory and practice.? This is a subsection of the larger MIT OpenCourseWare site.

?? Investopedia Financial Investing Tutorials?? A plethora of detailed lessons on money management and investing.

?? U.S. Small Business Administration Training Network?? The Small Business Administration has one of the best selections of business courses on the web. Topics include everything from starting a business and business management to government contracting and international trade. Most courses take only 30 minutes to complete.

?? VideoLectures.NET (Business)?? A free and open access educational video lectures repository. The lectures are given by distinguished scholars and scientists at the most important and prominent events like conferences, summer schools, workshops and science promotional events from many fields of Science.

?? My Own Business, Inc.?? Offers a free online business administration course that would be beneficial to new managers and to anyone who is interested in starting a business. This comprehensive course is split up into 16 sessions covering topics like business plans, accounting, marketing, insurance, e-commerce and international trade.

?? UC Irvine OpenCourseWare (Business)?? Rapidly with the addition of nearly 10 new courses every month. Many of our OCW offerings are directed at working adults seeking continuing education, with the option to enroll in instructor-led, for-credit courses, related to the OCW content.

?? Kutztown University of Pennsylvania?? The Kutztown University of Pennsylvania?s Small Business Development Center offers more than 80 free business courses online. Kutztown?s courses are individualized and self-paced. Many of the courses feature high-end graphics, interactive case studies and audio streams.

?? Boston College Front Row (Business)?? Boston College Front Row is a Web site that offers free access through streaming media to tapes of cultural and scholarly events at Boston College.

?? Financial Management Training Center?? The Financial Management Training Center provides several free downloadable business courses for people who need to learn the finer points of financial management. All courses offered can be taken online; courses include full exams as well as evaluation forms for people seeking Continuing Professional Education (CPE) credits.

?? The Free Nonprofit Micro-eMBA?? Free Management Library?s Free Nonprofit Micro-eMBA Program is an especially great resource for students wishing to learn more about nonprofit management, but most of the lessons also apply to general business management. Completion of this program will not result in an MBA degree, but enrollment is free and the material is well structured.

?? Bookboon Free Business e-books?? Hundreds of free business books online in PDF format.

?? TheStreet University?? If you?re just starting out as a stock and bond investor or need a refresher?s course, this is the place to learn what you need to know.

History and World Culture

?? University of Washington?s OpenUW?? Explore a variety of learning in several free history-centric online courses from the University of Washington.

?? Notre Dame OpenCourseWare?? Notre Dame OCW is a free and open educational resource for faculty, students, and self-learners throughout the world.

?? Bio?s Best?? Biography.com?s most popular biographies on notable historical figures.

?? UC Irvine OpenCourseWare (Social Science)?? Rapidly with the addition of nearly 10 new courses every month. Many of our OCW offerings are directed at working adults seeking continuing education, with the option to enroll in instructor-led, for-credit courses, related to the OCW content.

?? Boston College Front Row (History)?? Boston College Front Row is a Web site that offers free access through streaming media to tapes of cultural and scholarly events at Boston College.

?? MIT OpenCourseWare (History)?? The MIT History Faculty offers about 70 subjects in the areas of Ancient, North American, European, East Asian, and Middle Eastern history.

?? Wikiversity School of Social Sciences?? Wikiversity is a Wikimedia Foundation project devoted to learning resources, learning projects, and research for use in all levels, types, and styles of education from pre-school to university, including professional training and informal learning.

?? OpenLearn (Arts and Humanities)?? The OpenLearn website gives free access to Open University course materials.

?? A Biography of America?? A Biography of America presents history not simply as a series of irrefutable facts to be memorized, but as a living narrative of America?s story.

?? Have Fun with History?? A resource for students, educators and all lovers of American History.

?? The USGenWeb Project?? Free genealogy and family history resources online.

?? MacroHistory and World Report?? Tell without illusions or ideological restraints the story of our ancestors, our parents and us.

?? World History HyperHistory?? Navigates through 3000 years of World History with links to important persons and events of world historical importance.

?? American Digital History?? Online American history textbook. An interactive, multimedia history of the United States from the Revolution to the present.

Law

?? ?Duke Law Center for the Public Domain?? Duke University is counted amongst the best schools in the South. If you?re interested in law, Duke?s open courseware in that subject area can go a long way towards helping you learn more about the justice system.

?? Intute Law?? Provides free access to high quality resources on the Internet. Each resource has been evaluated and categorised by subject specialists based at UK universities.

?? Boston College Front Row (Law)?? Boston College Front Row is a Web site that offers free access through streaming media to tapes of cultural and scholarly events at Boston College.

?? American University?? Offers a selection of podcasts on a number of different law-related subjects. There is even a very interesting podcast on debt relief and the law.

?? Lewis & Clark Law School?? Provides a number of podcast from the law school. Subjects include tax law, business law, environmental law and other areas of law. Interesting and insightful lectures on the law.

?? Case Western Reserve University School of Law?? Offers a number of interesting lectures on different law subjects. These lectures are both podcasts and Web casts. You can look ahead to the coming school year, which already has a number of interesting subjects lined up.

?? Harvard Law School?? Provides a number of Web casts of law lectures, symposia, panels and conferences. A great collection of relevant information and insights on how the law interacts with current events.

?? Stanford Law?? Provides open courseware via iTunes on a variety of law subjects, including the theory of justice, mobile content distribution, gay marriage, judicial review and privacy protection. The tracks are available for free, but you?ll need iTunes. Put the lectures on your iPod or iPhone and listen them anywhere.

?? MoneyInstructor Business Law?? From MoneyInstructor.com provides a look at a number of basics in business law. Learn how to define crimes under business law. Worksheets and curriculums are available for teachers. Ordinary folks will find them useful as well.

?? Wesleyan College Constitutional Law?? From North Carolina Wesleyan College offers an overview of the U.S. Constitution and the laws springing from it. Online lectures and class notes are included, which can help you develop a strong understanding of the Constitution and how it forms the basis of our laws.

Computer Science and Engineering

?? VideoLectures.NET (Computer Science)?? A free and open access educational video lectures repository. The lectures are given by distinguished scholars and scientists at the most important and prominent events like conferences, summer schools, workshops and science promotional events from many fields of Science.

?? Wikiversity School of Computer Science and Technology?? Wikiversity is a Wikimedia Foundation project devoted to learning resources, learning projects, and research for use in all levels, types, and styles of education from pre-school to university, including professional training and informal learning.

?? New York State University (US), Computer Science?? Hundreds of lectures, tutorials and links to educational material.

?? Dream.In.Code Tutorials?? Lots of computer programming tutorials.

?? MIT OpenCourseWare (Engineering and Computer Science)?? MIT OpenCourseWare is a free web-based publication of MIT course materials that reflects almost all the undergraduate and graduate subjects taught at MIT.

?? Maine University (US), Fogler Guide to Computer Science?? An insanely detailed list of computer science resources.

?? FreeComputerBooks.com? ? Free computer, mathematics, technical books and lecture notes.

?? Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies?? A massive collection of bibliographies of scientific literature in computer science, updated weekly from original locations, more than 3 millions of references (mostly to journal articles, conference papers and technical reports), clustered in about 2000 bibliographies.

?? W3Schools?? Web-building tutorials, from basic HTML and XHTML to advanced XML, SQL, Database, Multimedia and WAP.

?? FreeTechBooks.com?? This site lists free online computer science, engineering and programming books, textbooks and lecture notes, all of which are legally and freely available over the Internet.

?? Free computer Tutorials?? Free computer courses and tutorials site. All the courses are aimed at complete beginners, so you don?t need experience to get started.

?? Programmer 101: Teach Yourself How to Code?? Several helpful resources for computer programming beginners.

?? Google Code University?? Provides sample course content and tutorials for Computer Science (CS) students and educators on current computing technologies and paradigms.

Mathematics

?? Oxford University Mathematics OpenCourseWare?? Various online mathematics classes provided free by Oxford University.

?? UMass Boston Mathematics?? Various online mathematics classes provided free by UMass Boston.

?? Whatcom Online Math Center?? Various math lessons provided free by Whatcom Community College.

?? VideoLectures.NET (Mathematics)?? A free and open access educational video lectures repository. The lectures are given by distinguished scholars and scientists at the most important and prominent events like conferences, summer schools, workshops and science promotional events from many fields of Science.

?? Wikiversity School of Mathematics?? Wikiversity is a Wikimedia Foundation project devoted to learning resources, learning projects, and research for use in all levels, types, and styles of education from pre-school to university, including professional training and informal learning.

?? AMSER Mathematics?? AMSER (the Applied Math and Science Education Repository) is a portal of educational resources and services built specifically for use by those in Community and Technical Colleges but free for anyone to use.

?? Math.com?? Math.com is dedicated to providing revolutionary ways for students, parents, teachers, and everyone to learn math.

?? Intute Mathematics?? Provides free access to high quality resources on the Internet. Each resource has been evaluated and categorized by subject specialists based at UK universities.

?? Free-Ed College Mathematics?? Offers a wide range of free online math courses and study programs.

English and Communications

?? Open Yale Courses (English)?? Open Yale Courses provides lectures and other materials from selected Yale College courses to the public free of charge via the internet.

?? Writing Guidelines for Engineering and Science Students?? These guidelines for engineering writing and scientific writing are designed to help students communicate their technical work.

?? MIT Writing and Humanistic Studies?? The MIT Program in Writing and Humanistic Studies gives students the opportunity to learn the techniques, forms, and traditions of several kinds of writing, from basic expository prose to more advanced forms of non-fictional prose, fiction and poetry, science writing, scientific and technical communication and digital media.

?? Merriam-Webster Online?? In this digital age, your ability to communicate with written English is paramount skill.? And M-W.com is the perfect resource to improve your English now.

?? National Novel Writing Month?? Valuing enthusiasm and perseverance over painstaking craft, NaNoWriMo is a novel-writing program for everyone who has thought fleetingly about writing a novel but has been scared away by the time and effort involved.

?? Lifewriting?? A complete text of the 9-week writing class a professor taught for years at UCLA.

?? Guide to Grammar and Writing?? Grammar and writing techniques, lessons and quizzes.

?? Purdue Online Writing Lab?? Over 200 free resources including lessons on: writing, research, grammar, and style guides.

Foreign and Sign Languages

?? BBC Languages?? Teach yourself a new spoken language online.

?? American Sign Language Browser?? Teach yourself sign language online.

?? Livemocha?? Start learning a new language online for free.

?? Learn10?? Gives you a language learning habit that?s hard to kick. 10 new words; everywhere, every day.

?? One Minute Languages?? Learn a new language via podcasts that are updated regularly.

?? Mango Languages?? Over 100 lessons, shown to you in PowerPoint style with interstitial quizzes, to move you through any language without cracking a book.

Multiple Subjects and Miscellaneous

?? OpenLearn?? The OpenLearn website gives free access to Open University course materials.? Multiple subjects are covered.

?? Capilano University OpenCourseWare?? The Capilano University OpenCourseWare site is a free and open educational resource for faculty, students, and self-learners throughout the world.

?? University of Southern Queensland?s OpenCourseWare?? Provides access to free and open educational resources for faculty members, students, and self-learners throughout the world.

?? YouTube EDU?? Educational videos on YouTube organized by subject matter.

?? LearnHub Test Prep?? Raise your test scores with free practice tests & counseling on various subjects.

?? iTunes U?? Hundreds of universities ? including Stanford, Yale and MIT ? distribute lectures, slide shows, PDFs, films, exhibit tours and audio books through iTunes U.? The Science section alone contains content on topics including agriculture, astronomy, biology, chemistry, physics, ecology and geography.

?? United Nations University OpenCourseWare?? Showcases the training and educational programs implemented by the University in a wide range of areas relevant to the work of the United Nations.

?? Brigham Young Independent Study?? BYU Independent Study now offers free courses in different areas of study.? These areas include Family History, Family Life, and Religious Scripture Study, Personal Dev elopement, etc.? Use these courses as a starting point for your personal studies or just to add insight to an area of interest.

?? University of Utah OpenCourseWare?? Provides access to free and open educational resources for faculty members, students, and self-learners throughout the world.

?? United States Nation Archives?? The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is the nation?s record keeper.? Valuable records are preserved and are available to you, whether you want to see if they contain clues about your family?s history, need to prove a veteran?s military service, or are researching an historical topic that interests you.

?? Wikiversity?? Wikiversity is a Wikimedia Foundation project devoted to learning resources, learning projects, and research for use in all levels, types, and styles of education from pre-school to university, including professional training and informal learning.

?? UMass Boston OpenCourseWare?? Various online classes provided free by UMass Boston.

?? About U?? A collection of free online educational courses from About.com.

?? Academic Earth?? Online degrees and video courses from leading universities.

?? Free-Ed?? Clusters of courses that support your preparation for today?s fastest-growing careers and critical academic disciplines.

?? Connexions?? A place to view and share educational material made of small knowledge chunks called modules that can be organized as courses, books, reports, etc. Anyone may view or contribute.

?? TED?? Motivational and educational lectures from noteworthy professionals around the world.

?? Intute?? Provides free access to high quality resources on the Internet. Each resource has been evaluated and categorised by subject specialists based at UK universities.

?? Boston College Front Row?? Boston College Front Row is a Web site that offers free access through streaming media to tapes of cultural and scholarly events at Boston College.

Free Books and Reading Recommendations

?? LibraryThing?? LibraryThing connects you to other people who are reading what you?re reading and allows you to see which books are popular in various categories of reading.

?? Textbook Revolution?? Links to free online textbooks and other educational materials.

?? Book TV?? This is the companion site to Book TV on C-Span2. The site holds some current interviews with authors, many past interviews, opinions, reviews, and featured programs through online video.

?? Bookboon?? Bookboon provides online textbooks for students in PDF format. The free ebooks can be downloaded without registration. Our books are legal and written exclusively for Bookboon. They are financed by a few in-book ads.

?? Scribd?? Scribd, the online document sharing site which supports Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF and other popular formats. You can download a document or embed it in your blog or web page.

?? BookYards?? BookYards is a web portal in which books, education materials, information, and content will be freely to anyone who has an internet connection.

?? Planet eBook?? Free classic literature to download and share.

?? E-Books Directory?? Thousands of ebooks on various subjects to download and share.

?? Read Print Library?? Free online books library for students, teachers, and the classic enthusiast.GoodReads?? Get great book recommendations and keep track of what you want to read.

?? The Online Books Page?? University of Pennsylvania database with over 30,000 books.

?? Public Literature?? Thousands of familiar classics, children?s books, plays and poems, as well as books by new authors.

?? Full Books?? Thousands of full-text nonfiction and fiction books.

?? Many Books?? Free fiction and nonfiction ebooks for your PDA, iPod or ebook reader.

?? Get Free Books?? Thousands of free ebooks to download.

?? Project Gutenberg?? More than 20,000 free books from the first producer of free e-books.

?? Bibliomania?? Thousands of classic books, poems, short stories and plays.

?? Classic Reader?? Large collection of free classic books, plays, and short stories from more than 300 authors.

?? Bartleby Fiction?? Classic anthologies and volumes.

?? The Personal MBA Recommended Reading List?? MBA programs don?t have a monopoly on advanced business knowledge: you can teach yourself everything you need to know to succeed in life and at work.? The Personal MBA features the very best business books available, based on thousands of hours of research.

?? Books Should Be Free?? Free audio books from the public domain.

Educational Mainstream Broadcast Media

?? BBC Learning?? Online learning, support, and advice. This site offers internal and offsite links to a vast amount of materials.

?? Biography?? The site holds videos to past interviews and biographies on people in topics that range from Black history to women?s history.

?? Book TV?? This is the companion site to Book TV on C-Span2. The site holds some current interviews with authors, many past interviews, opinions, reviews, and featured programs through online video.

?? CBC Archives?? Relive Canadian history through thousands of available radio and television clips.

?? Discovery?? This channel is home to several different networks that focus on the military, animals, travel, etc. The Discovery site offers a ?Video of the Day? from its home page, a separate online?video section, and a?Discover Education?center where teachers can accumulate materials for?K-12 teaching. It?s impossible to list all their offerings here, so go discover!

?? History Channel?? Visit the?Video Gallery?for a selection on historical topics. Like the Discovery Channel, this network provides many opportunities for you to gain access to information and reference materials.

?? NOVA?? Watch current science shows or browse by category. PBS sponsors this channel.

?? Research Channel?? Speakers, researchers and professors present revolutionary thoughts and discoveries. Use their Webstreams and an extensive video-on-demand library for research.

?? Weather Channel?? You can learn about weather all over the world, but the Weather Channel also offers dynamic content based upon seasons and special conditions and a special?multimedia?and?education?section.

Online Archives

?? American Memory?? The Library of Congress provides extensive multimedia offerings on various topics through their American Memory Collection, including their outstanding?Built in America?project that showcases historical buildings through photographs.

?? Fathom?? This archive, provided by Columbia University, offers access to the complete range of free content developed for Fathom by its member institutions. The archives include online learning resources including lectures, articles, interviews, exhibits and seminars.

?? Internet Archive Open Educational Resources?? A digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form.

?? National Archives?? Provides primary source materials from NARA along with lesson plans for teaching with those sources.

?? National Climatic Data Center?? The NCDC, a division of NOAA, maintains climatic archives, including lists of storms in given counties, and records about global extremes, etc.

?? The Rosetta Project?? A global collaboration of language specialists and native speakers building a publicly accessible online archive of all documented human languages.

?? September 11 Digital Archive?? This site uses electronic media to collect, preserve, and present the history of the 9/11 attacks.

?? U.S. Census Bureau?? If you think the Census Bureau is all about numbers, you might be surprised to learn about their archived photographs, daily radio features, and more available through theirNewsroom.

Directories of Open Education

?? Google Scholar?? Provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites.

?? OpenCourseWare Consortium?? This site provides a portal to search through hundreds of free courses or to add new courses you know about to the database.

?? iBerry?? Check out this site for a huge directory of open courseware organized by school and subject matter that can point you in the right direction for any type of learning.

?? Self Made Scholar Directory?? Free online directory of web-based classes and courses.

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Source: http://www.hopefulromantics.org/2013/02/invaluable-websites-where-you-can-educate-yourself-for-free/

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Two California police officers killed in line of duty

KNBC

By Erika Conner and Lisa Fernandez, NBCLosAngeles.com

The Santa Cruz, Calif., County Sheriff's Department says two Santa Cruz police officers were shot to death Tuesday afternoon ? the first time?in city history that officers were killed in the line of duty.

One suspect was also killed.

Authorities believe there are no more outstanding suspects or any danger to the community, but they are going door-to-door in the perimeter they've established as a precaution.?

A resident, who declined to give his name, said he was sitting in his house in the 800 block of North Branciforte Avenue when he heard gunfire across the street around 3:30 p.m. Police arrived soon, he said. That's when a suspect fired at police, hitting the two officers.

A while later, he heard a "multitude of gunfire" coming from an area nearby. He said police told residents to stay inside and not to leave.?

Following the incident, schools in the immediate area were placed on lockdown.?

Santa Cruz Police Chief Kevin Vogel said at news conference,?"Our department is in mourning. This is a horrific day in my career as the police chief and for our community and for our police department. We lost two exceptionally fine officers today."

"We need to figure out a way to bring our department together and get through this," Vogel added.?"It's a horrible, horrible day for the Santa Cruz Police Department and the community of Santa Cruz."?

After the police were killed, a second shooting occurred a half-hour later while police were in pursuit of at least one suspect, maybe two on Doyle Street. A barrage of gunfire erupted that apparently left a suspect dead on Doyle Street, according to the Santa Cruz Sentinel.

Police were on a citywide manhunt for several hours after the initial shooting. The FBI joined the investigation just after 4 p.m. as well as law enforcement from the sheriff's office, Capitola, Watsonville and Scotts Valley police departments and the California Highway Patrol.

NBC Bay Area's George Kiriyama and Bay City News contributed to this report.

Source: http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/26/17108764-two-california-police-officers-killed-in-line-of-duty?lite

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TBS orders Pete Holmes late-night show; Conan O'Brien to produce

LOS ANGELES (TheWrap.com) - Pete Holmes, voice of the beloved E*Trade baby and host of the "You Made It Weird" podcast, is coming to TBS with a late-night comedy show, the network said Tuesday.

The as-yet-untitled series, which has received a four-week order, will premiere in the fall and will air at midnight following "Conan" Monday through Thursday.

Conan O'Brien is executive producing through Conaco LLC, which is producing the series. Jeff Ross, David Kissinger, Nick Bernstein and Dave Rath are also executive producing the show, which will be taped in front of a live audience.

The half-hour series will combine sketches, short films, live comedy, field pieces and in-studio guest interviews.

"The first half of my meeting with Conan was spent making sure this wasn't all part of a new TBS prank show called You Got Coned!" Holmes joked of the new gig. "The second half was spent expressing my sincerest enthusiasm and gratitude for this incredible dream come true."

"Pete Holmes is an enormously likable performer with an agile and innovative mind," OBrien added. "I'm really looking forward to his show, and I've already had my son program my DVR."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/tbs-orders-pete-holmes-night-show-conan-obrien-213338102.html

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Boehner Hopes Senate 'Gets Off Their Ass'

House Speaker John Boehner used some choice words to pressure Senate Democrats to avert the looming sequester - $85 billion of arbitrary across-the-board cuts - insisting that "the House has done its job" and the burden to offer an alternative before the cuts strike Friday is on the president's party.

"We have moved the bill in the House twice," Boehner, R-Ohio, said. "We should not have to move a third bill before the Senate gets off their ass and begins to do something."

Hours later, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., said the speaker needs a reality check about who is sitting idly by as the impending sequester cuts prepare to take hold at the end of the week.

"He should understand who is sitting on their posterior," Reid told reporters at a Capitol news conference Tuesday. "We're doing our best here to pass something. The speaker's doing nothing to try to pass anything over there. He's falling back onto what he said they did last Congress.

"Well, we have something called the constitution that you have to start over again every two years and the reason he's not bringing something up over there is because he cannot pass it. He can't get his caucus to agree on anything as we learned last year," Reid continued. "So he can't say to us, 'Why don't you get something done' when he hasn't even been trying to get anything done."

Reid used the word "ass" twice when describing Boehner's earlier remarks.

"I was raised in a little town that had 13 brothels in it so I'm used to some pretty salty language as you know," Reid said before repeating Boehner's use of the profane language. "The speaker today said - he's not that category for sure - but Boehner hopes [the] Senate gets off their ass. And it's quite interesting, we should not have to move a third bill before the Senate gets off their ass and begins to do something."

House Republicans voted twice during the 112 th Congress to narrowly pass legislation to offset sequestration with alternative savings, but those measures languished in the Senate and expired with the end of the session.

Reid suggested the $85 billion in across the board cuts should go into effect if Republicans won't agree to increasing taxes as a means of averting the sequester.

"Until there's some agreement on revenue, I believe we should just go ahead with the sequester," Reid said.

Read More About Sequestration

Boehner criticized President Obama for taking a Virginia road trip "to use our military men and women as a prop in yet another campaign rally to support his tax hikes."

"I don't think the president's focused on trying to find a solution to the sequester," he said. "For 16 months, the president's been traveling all over the country holding rallies, instead of sitting down with Senate leaders in order to try to forge an agreement over there in order to move the bill."

Considering Republicans have not acted in the current session of Congress on any legislation to replace the sequester, House Democrats question whether there is sufficient support to pass the old GOP proposal.

"I don't think I need to give the Speaker a lesson in legislating or how government runs, but whatever was done last year that didn't get signed into law has evaporated. It is gone. It does not exist," California Democratic Rep. Xavier Becerra, the chairman of the House Democratic Caucus, said today. "This is a new year, a new session of Congress and it's time for everyone to get to work."

Boehner deflected a question whether he believes his weakened majority could pass the Republican bill again, and returned his attention to pushing for a vote in the Senate.

"It's time for the Senate to act. It's not about the House," he responded. "We've acted."

Related: Sequester Timeline - When Will Cuts Kick In?

"Where's the president's plan to avoid the sequester? Have you seen one? I haven't seen one," Boehner added. "All I've heard is that he wants to raise taxes again. Where's the president's plan? Where's the Senate Democrat plan? I want to see it."

Republican senators held strong on their view that the president needs to agree to spending cuts in order to avert the looming sequester, and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell said he's willing to provide the president with the "flexibility" to find those cuts.

"Senate Republicans do not believe that it's a good idea to walk away from that commitment to cut spending," McConnell said. "My own view is I'd be happy to provide the president with the flexibility to do that differently than the way it's mandated in the sequester."

Related: States Prepare for Sequester

"This is not an issue or problem that needs to be solved or attempted to be solved by raising taxes again," Senate Minority Whip John Cornyn, R-Texas, added following lunch with his GOP colleagues in the Capitol. "The president got his pound of flesh in the fiscal cliff negotiation, $600 billion in additional taxes over 10 years. Now it's time for the balanced part of that equation which means we have to rein in federal spending."

McConnell also told reporters Republicans may present several alternatives to the Democrats' sequester proposal later this week, but Reid said he would not allow multiple Republican bills to be considered.

"The agreement was they'll have a bill. We'll have a bill. That's fair enough," Reid said.

Senate leaders are expected to introduce and vote on their respective plans later this week, perhaps by Thursday.

Reid accused Congressional Republicans of being "part of the problem" in finding a solution to the upcoming cuts, pressing for new tax increases to help offset the sequester.

"We want to work with Republicans to come to a balanced responsible way to reduce this sequester, the impact of it. My republican colleagues are standing in the way," Reid, D-Nev., said on the Senate floor. "They only want cuts and more cuts."

Although McConnell has said he is not interested in a last-minute deal, Boehner said "If the Senate acts, I'm sure the House will act quickly."

The House is meeting for legislation business today, although no action to avert the sequester is expected. The House also meets Wednesday and Thursday, but is currently not expected to be in session on Friday.

Reid suggested the $85 billion in across-the-board cuts should go into effect if Republicans won't agree to increasing taxes as a means of averting the sequester.

"Until there's some agreement on revenue, I believe we should just go ahead with the sequester," Reid said.

This post was updated Tuesday afternoon to incorporate the latest developments in the Senate.

Also Read

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/boehner-hopes-senate-gets-off-ass-174831694--abc-news-politics.html

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Videogame review: Lara Croft is back in bold 'Tomb Raider' reboot ...

?I hate tombs,? Lara Croft sighs as she enters a musty crypt in Tomb Raider, Crystal Dynamics? bold reboot of the long-running series. The franchise had grown a bit musty in recent iterations, bogged down in clumsy shooting and silly supernatural elements like an evil Lara doppelg?nger, and distancing itself from the core experience of, you know, raiding tombs. Despite a string of solid if unspectacular efforts, Lara?s star had faded considerably, and Uncharted?s Nathan Drake largely supplanted her as gaming?s top adventurer, in gameplay and graphics ?until now. This new Lara has taken a page from Drake?s exploits and is officially reclaiming her throne.

In this new origin story, Lara is not a girl, not yet a woman when she is shipwrecked on a mysterious island. Separated from her crew and visibly scared, she is forced to grow up quickly when a murderous cult kidnaps her friends. Armed with a bow and arrow, she channels The Hunger Games? Katniss Everdeen in sheer grit and determination, gaining new weapons and abilities that open up the world as the game progresses in a nod to gaming?s first lady, Metroid?s Samus Aran.

The brutal island changes her, and voice actress Camilla Luddington (Grey?s Anatomy) gives a fully realized performance that sells Lara?s evolution from untested neophyte to warrior princess. She?s put through the wringer ? escaping burning buildings, getting tossed off cliffs and over waterfalls ? in a series of stunning set pieces that are as fun to play as they are to marvel at. The graphics are dazzling, zooming in close in tight corridors to show the emotion on her face, and then panning way out as she ziplines off a mountain, flaunting the game?s impressive scope and size.

The greatest improvement is in the game?s combat sequences. In past games, Lara would lock onto an enemy and then blast away with her trademark dual pistols, and it felt very disposable. But this game?s enemies are much smarter, rushing her, flanking her, and throwing explosives to keep her constantly scrambling for cover. While she gains access to several guns, the bow and arrow is most satisfying, as Lara can use it to silently pick off enemies from a distance or arm it with fire or explosive tips to make things go boom.

When not fighting crazed cultists, exploring the island is just as entertaining thanks to the rock-solid platforming system, which has Lara leaping across chasms and clinging to the sides of mountains. Hunting animals (sorry, Bambi!) and finding salvage rewards the player with XP that is used to upgrade weapons and unlock new abilities that prove invaluable. The titular tombs exist as optional side missions that are absolutely worth seeking out, since they contain clever physics-based puzzles that provide a nice reprieve from the campaign?s breakneck pace. Lara may hate tombs, but gamers are going to love them ? and her ? all over again. A?

Follow Aaron on Twitter: @airlinem

Read more:
The most anticipated games of 2013
E3 Snap Judgment: More serious ?Tomb Raider? hits its target
A new Lara Croft and ?Tomb Raider? reboot in the works ? farewell, Angelina Jolie

Source: http://popwatch.ew.com/2013/02/25/videogame-review-lara-croft-tomb-raider-reboot/

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Robin O'Bryant: Toasting 15 Years of Marriage

I cook a lot and for the last few years I've been wanting to upgrade my old recipe box to a binder. The binder has page protectors with two slots for cards and flipping through it is much easier than digging through a recipe box. Last week I finally got around to ordering one and the day it came in the mail I spent about an hour filling its pages.

As I flipped through recipes, I remembered distinctly where I was when I wrote them down. I remember being 19-years-old, newly-engaged, in my mother's house and pulling her recipe box out of the cabinet. I sat at the kitchen table for days, the cool gray tile on my bare feet, scribbling down my favorite recipes.

Each card that I picked up reminded me of something different: the pattern of a recipe card that I recognized as my mother's next door neighbor's. The recipes were printed with a careful hand with thoughts of marital bliss on my mind.

I was looking forward to living in the one-bedroom garage apartment Zeb and I had arranged for after we married. I was used to cooking simple meals, my own mother is an excellent cook and she didn't mind at all for my sister and I to be directly under her feet in the kitchen. Measuring, mixing and stirring -- even though I'm sure it would have been easier for her to kick us out and do it herself. But my Momma's kitchen was open to everyone and there were usually four or five extra mouths to feed. My mother, sister, two brothers and assorted and sundry friends -- whoever was at our house at mealtime -- that's who was eating. I had unknowingly been training to cook for an army. The first year of marriage, it would take Zeb and I almost two weeks to eat one batch of spaghetti, until I learned how to cook for just two.

A stained and rippled card holding my grandmother's vegetable soup recipe transported me to my first year of marriage. I remember distinctly standing in the kitchen of our one bedroom apartment in Fort Worth, Texas. It was so small I could stand in one spot and wash dishes, cook on the stove, grab something out of the pantry and open the fridge by simply pivoting my hips. I was sick and away from my family for the first time when I called my grandmother for her soup recipe. I've used it so many times, I don't need to look at it anymore, but why wouldn't I? Looking at the card and remembering the conversation I had with her makes me feel as good as eating the soup when I'm sick.

Each card was a memory: a pecan pie recipe by a friend of my mother's who passed away several years ago, a batch of beef stroganoff that had to be thrown away because I mistakenly thought that cooking sherry was an acceptable substitute for burgundy. A peanut butter pie recipe with an Oreo crust from my mom's crazy friend, Brenda. Brenda told me to double bag the Oreos in gallon-size Ziplock bags and put them under the wheel of my car and back over them twice -- obviously not three times, that would be ridiculous.

I grinned ear to ear as I flipped through cards and organized. Then I reached for a recipe labeled, "Toasted Croutons," and lost all composure. Standing in my kitchen all by myself, I laughed until I was wheezing and had tears streaming down my cheeks. I remembered writing down the recipe. My older brother had made a hot crab dip recipe of Emeril Lagasse's which was served with toasted crostinis. It was delicious -- delicious enough that I felt the need to write down every single step of how to toast the bread.

Bless my sweet baby heart.

Toasted Croutons:
Thinly sliced French bread
Brush with olive oil.
Sprinkle with salt and fresh ground pepper.
Flip and repeat.
Bake at 400 degrees for 8-10 minutes. Turning cookie sheet for even baking.

I wiped the tears of laughter out of my eyes and thought about how far my husband and I have come since we were married 15 years ago. I was barely 20-years-old when we married. We had zero dollars, so I didn't have an engagement ring -- but I had a box full of recipes, and an eagerness to learn: about married life, about my new husband and, of course, how to make the best toast ever in the history of the whole world.

After 15 years not only can I whip up a delicious meal just by glancing in my fridge and pantry, but my marriage has gotten better too. I wondered where we would be in 10 or 15 years when we got married. Where would we live? How many kids would we have? Would we finally have jobs with health insurance? Would we ever be able to afford an engagement ring? Would we still like each other?

(SPOILER ALERT: We do.)

It makes my heart feel full as I answer all of those questions today. I want to pat my sweet 19-year-old baby-self on the head and say, "Don't worry Baby Girl, you are about to marry the best man you'll ever know. He'll never raise his voice to you. He'll do laundry when it needs to be done, take out the trash, fix anything you break (and you know you break a lot of stuff.) He's going to be an amazing father. He'll take your kids fishing and camping. He'll paint their toenails and read them books. He'll choose staying at home with you over any number of other activities and he will give 150 percent of his energy to provide for you and to protect you. Fifteen years from now, after your body has been pillaged by three pregnancies -- he'll make you feel as beautiful as he does now. He'll never so much as glance at another woman. He will be your champion. And not to brag -- but in 15 years? You are gonna be able to make toast blindfolded with your eyes closed, and with one arm tied behind your back."

If you are looking for some real recipes, I wasn't kidding when I said my cooking had improved.

?

?

?

Follow Robin O'Bryant on Twitter: www.twitter.com/@robinobryant

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robin-obryant/toasting-fifteen-years-of_b_2730218.html

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Spiderman's webbing would be strong enough to stop a moving train, say physics students

Feb. 25, 2013 ? In Spiderman 2, the superhero uses his webbing to bring a runaway train to a standstill moments before it plummets over the end of the track. But could a material with the strength and toughness of spiders' web really stop four crowded subway cars?

According to University of Leicester physics students, the answer is yes.

A group of three fourth year MPhys students calculated the material properties of webbing needed in these conditions -- and found that the strength of the web would be proportional to that of real spiders.

Their paper, Doing whatever a spider can, was published in the latest volume of the University of Leicester's Journal of Physics Special Topics.

The journal is published every year, and features original short papers written by students in the final year of their four-year Master of Physics degree.

The students are encouraged to be imaginative with their topics, and the aim is for them to learn about aspects of publishing and peer review.

Students James Forster, Mark Bryan and Alex Stone first calculated the force needed to stop the four R160 New York City subway cars.

To do this, they used the momentum of the train at full speed, the time it takes the train to come to rest after the webs are attached, and the driving force of the powered R160 subway car.

The students found the force Spiderman's webs exert on the train to be 300,000 newtons.

They were then able to calculate the strength and toughness of the webs.

They found that the Young's modulus -- or stiffness -- of the web would be 3.12 gigapascals. This is very reasonable for spider's silk, which ranges from 1.5 gigapascals to 12 gigapascals in the orb-weaver spiders.

The toughness of the silk was calculated as almost 500 megajoules per cubic metre. This is in line with web from a Darwin's Bark Spider -- an orb-weaver with the strongest known webbing of any spider.

They conclude that the "friendly neighbourhood" superhero's webbing is indeed a proportional equivalent of that of a real spider -- and, consequently, it would be feasible for him to stop a moving train.

Alex Stone, 21, from Kingston upon Thames, said: "It is often quoted that spider-webs are stronger than steel, so we thought it would be interesting to see whether this held true for Spiderman's scaled up version. Considering the subject matter we were surprised to find out that the webbing was portrayed accurately."

James Forster, 22, from Wisbech, said: "While our work may not seem to be very serious it has helped teach us about applying physics to varying situations as well as the peer review process through which scientific journals operate. This makes it an invaluable experience to anyone who wants to go into research later in life."

Course leader Dr Mervyn Roy, a lecturer at the University's Department of Physics and Astronomy, said: "A lot of the papers published in the Journal are on subjects that are amusing, topical, or a bit off-the-wall. Our fourth years are nothing if not creative!

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Leicester, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. M. Bryan, J. Forster and A. Stone. Doing whatever a spider can. Journal of Physics Special Topics, 2013 [link]

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/strange_science/~3/Pu8A4wmIYkA/130225092040.htm

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SKorea's new leader faces NKorea nuke crisis

SEOUL, South Korea (AP) ? Even before she takes office Monday as South Korea's first female president, Park Geun-hye's campaign vow to soften Seoul's current hard-line approach to rival North Korea is being tested by Pyongyang's recent underground nuclear detonation.

Pyongyang, Washington, Beijing and Tokyo are all watching to see if Park, the daughter of a staunchly anti-communist dictator, pursues an ambitious engagement policy meant to ease five years of animosity on the divided peninsula or if she sticks with the tough stance of her fellow conservative predecessor, Lee Myung-bak.

Park's decision is important because it will likely set the tone of the larger diplomatic approach that Washington and others take in stalled efforts to persuade North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons ambitions.

It will also be complicated by North Korea's warning of unspecified "second and third measures of greater intensity," a threat that comes as Washington and others push for tightened U.N. sanctions as punishment for the Feb. 12 atomic test, the North's third since 2006.

That test is seen as another step toward North Korea's goal of building a bomb small enough to be mounted on a missile that can hit the United States. The explosion, which Pyongyang called a response to U.S. hostility, triggered global outrage.

Park has said she won't yet change her policy, which was built with the high probability of provocations from Pyongyang in mind. But some aren't sure if engagement can work, given North Korea's choice of "bombs over electricity," as American scientist Siegfried Hecker puts it.

"Normalization of relations, a peace treaty, access to energy and economic opportunities ? those things that come from choosing electricity over bombs and have the potential of lifting the North Korean people out of poverty and hardship ? will be made much more difficult, if not impossible, for at least the next five years," Hecker, a regular visitor to North Korea, said in a posting on the website of Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation.

As she takes office, however, Park will be mindful that many South Koreans are frustrated at the state of inter-Korean relations after the Lee government's five-year rule, which saw two nuclear tests, three long-range rocket launches and attacks blamed on North Korea that killed 50 South Koreans in 2010.

Park's policy calls for strong defense but also for efforts to build trust through aid shipments, reconciliation talks and the resumption of some large-scale economic initiatives as progress occurs on the nuclear issue. Park has also held out the possibility of a summit with new North Korean leader Kim Jong Un.

Much is riding on Park's conclusion.

"The overall policy direction on North Korea among the U.S., Japan and South Korea will be hers to decide," said Victor Cha, a former senior Asia adviser to President George W. Bush. "If Park Geun-hye wants to contain, the U.S. will support that. But if Park Geun-hye, months down the road, wants to engage, then the U.S. will go along with that too. "

Engagement by Park would provide a sharp contrast with the rule of her father, Park Chung-hee, whose antipathy toward Pyongyang during his 18-year rule in the 1960s and '70s prompted a failed attack on the Blue House by 31 North Korean commandos in 1968. In 1974, Park's wife was shot and killed by a Japan-born Korean claiming he was acting on assassination orders by North Korea founder and then leader Kim Il Sung.

Critics say Park Geun-hye's North Korea policy lacks specifics. They also question how far she can go given her conservative base's strong anti-Pyongyang sentiments.

But Park has previously confounded ideological expectations. She travelled to Pyongyang in 2002 and held private talks with the late Kim Jong Il, the father of Kim Jong Un, and her gifts to Kim Jong Il are showcased in a museum of gifts to the North Korean leaders. During the often contentious presidential campaign, she responded to liberal criticism by reaching out to the families of victims of her father's dictatorship.

She said in her 2007 autobiography that she visited Pyongyang because she thought her painful experiences with the North made her "the one who could resolve South-North relations better than anyone else." She also wrote that Kim Jong Il apologized for the 1968 attack.

"I don't think this latest spike in the cycle of provocation and response undermines her whole platform of seeking to somehow re-engage the North," said John Delury, an analyst at Seoul's Yonsei University. North Korea wants a return of large-scale aid and investment from South Korea.

Before the election, Pyongyang's state media repeatedly questioned the sincerity of Park's engagement overture. Since the election, however, although regular criticism of Lee as "human scum" continues, the North's official Korean Central News Agency hasn't mentioned Park by name, though her political party is still condemned.

Pyongyang sees the nuclear crisis as a U.S.-North Korea issue, Delury said. "From a North Korean mindset, ramping up the tension and hostility with the U.S. does not equal jettisoning relations with the South."

Park may take a wait-and-see stance in coming months.

A possible positive turning point could come if North Korea resists tests or launches during April, when it celebrates two state anniversaries ? Kim Il Sung's birthday and the army's founding anniversary ? according to analyst Hong Hyun-ik at the private Sejong Institute in South Korea. Pyongyang conducted a failed long-range rocket launch during last year's celebrations.

Hong predicts that the United States will seek nuclear talks with North Korea in a few months, something that could help Park's efforts to engage North Korea.

"The nuclear test sets back and complicates but does not necessarily doom her engagement efforts over the long term," said Ralph Cossa, president of Pacific Forum CSIS, a Hawaii-based think tank.

Park warned after the test that North Korea faces international isolation, economic difficulties and, eventually, a collapse if it continues to build its atomic program. She also pressed Pyongyang to respond to her overtures.

"We can't achieve trust with only one side's efforts. Isn't there a saying that 'We need both hands to make a clapping sound?'" she said.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/skoreas-leader-faces-nkorea-nuke-crisis-050243531.html

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Jennifer Lawrence Hot or Not At 2013 Film Independent Spirit Awards

Jennifer Lawrence arrived at the 2013 Film Independent Spirit Awards wearing a super hot (or not) Lanvin dress. Check it out, what do you think? PR Photos On one hand she looks amazing, and maybe it is just the angle in my photo agency’s gallery, but in some she looks horrible. Jennifer showed some sideboob and a lot of skin in the backless Lanvin design, which also featured a metal, choker collar, bow at the waste, and asymmetrical skirt. Sometimes she looks like Katniss others, just an awkward girl not sure if this was the right option. I love the girl don’;t get me wrong, but I don’t think this was the best choice for her. What do you think is Jennifer hot or not? Sound off in the comments.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/RightCelebrity/~3/yURYQORC-iE/

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Vatican blasts 'false' pre-conclave reporting

In this photo provided by the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano, Pope Benedict XVI, right, delivers his message concluding a weeklong spiritual retreat, at the Vatican, Saturday, Feb. 23, 2013. Benedict XVI has lamented the "evil, suffering and corruption" that has defaced God's creation in a final address to the officials who run the Vatican bureaucracy. Benedict spoke off-the-cuff Saturday at the end of a weeklong spiritual retreat coinciding with the Catholic Church's solemn Lenten season. For the past week, Italian Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi has led the Vatican on meditations that have covered everything from the family to denouncing the "divisions, dissent, careerism, jealousies" that afflict the Vatican bureaucracy. (AP Photo/L'Osservatore Romano, ho)

In this photo provided by the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano, Pope Benedict XVI, right, delivers his message concluding a weeklong spiritual retreat, at the Vatican, Saturday, Feb. 23, 2013. Benedict XVI has lamented the "evil, suffering and corruption" that has defaced God's creation in a final address to the officials who run the Vatican bureaucracy. Benedict spoke off-the-cuff Saturday at the end of a weeklong spiritual retreat coinciding with the Catholic Church's solemn Lenten season. For the past week, Italian Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi has led the Vatican on meditations that have covered everything from the family to denouncing the "divisions, dissent, careerism, jealousies" that afflict the Vatican bureaucracy. (AP Photo/L'Osservatore Romano, ho)

In this photo provided by the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano, Pope Benedict XVI kneels in prayer at the end of a weeklong spiritual retreat, at the Vatican, Saturday, Feb. 23, 2013. Benedict XVI has lamented the "evil, suffering and corruption" that has defaced God's creation in a final address to the officials who run the Vatican bureaucracy. Benedict spoke off-the-cuff Saturday at the end of a weeklong spiritual retreat coinciding with the Catholic Church's solemn Lenten season. For the past week, Italian Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi has led the Vatican on meditations that have covered everything from the family to denouncing the "divisions, dissent, careerism, jealousies" that afflict the Vatican bureaucracy. (AP Photo/L'Osservatore Romano, ho)

Italian police, left, and carabinieri cars are parked outside St. Peter's Square, at the V atican, Saturday, Feb. 23, 2013 As 100.000 pilgrims are expected to crowd St. Peter's Square for the last Angelus prayer of Pope Benedict XVI on Sunday morning, the Rome municipality is expected to increase by more then 30% the law enforcement agents, volunteers and transportation, while more then 2000 cctv security cameras will monitor the Roman territory with dozens aiming only at the areas surrounding the Vatican. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia)

VATICAN CITY (AP) ? The Vatican lashed out Saturday at the media for what it said has been a run of defamatory and false reports before the conclave to elect Pope Benedict XVI's successor, saying they were an attempt to influence the election.

Italian newspapers have been rife with unsourced reports in recent days about the contents of a secret dossier prepared for the pope by three cardinals who investigated the origins of the 2012 scandal over leaked Vatican documents.

The reports have suggested the revelations in the dossier, given to Benedict in December, were a factor in his decision to resign. The pope himself has said merely that he doesn't have the "strength of mind and body" to carry on.

On Saturday, the Vatican secretariat of state said the Catholic Church has for centuries insisted on the independence of its cardinals to elect their pope. Now, it said, the "pressures of public opinion" is in play in a bid to influence their vote.

"It is deplorable that as we draw closer to the time of the beginning of the conclave ... that there be a widespread distribution of often unverified, unverifiable or completely false news stories that cause serious damage to persons and institutions."

It was issued as Benedict met for the last time with the Vatican bureaucracy before stepping down Feb. 28. The occasion was the final session of the Vatican's Lenten spiritual retreat, a weeklong series of meditations composed by Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, himself a papal contender.

In one of his final meditations Friday, Ravasi denounced the "divisions, dissent, careerism, jealousies" that afflict the Vatican bureaucracy ? divisions that were exposed by the leaks of documents taken from the pope's study. The documents revealed the petty wrangling, corruption and cronyism and even allegations of a gay plot at the highest levels of the Catholic Church.

The three cardinals who investigated the theft of the documents had wide-ranging powers to interview even cardinals to get to the bottom of the dynamics within the Curia ? the Vatican bureaucracy ? that resulted in the gravest Vatican security breach in modern times.

Benedict has referred obliquely to the Vatican's dysfunction in recent days, deploring how the church is often "defiled" by attacks and divisions and urging its members to overcome "pride and egoism."

On Saturday, in his final comments to the Curia, he lamented the "evil, suffering and corruption" that has defaced God's creation. But he also thanked the Vatican bureaucrats for eight years of work, love and faith and promised them he would continue to be spiritually close to them in retirement.

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Follow Nicole Winfield at www.twitter.com/nwinfield

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-02-23-Vatican-Pope/id-22c00e4b7d1e4bc9af8dc0eefd6cc8af

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Authorities: Report of gunman at MIT was a hoax

Pedestrians on the MIT Campus in Cambridge, Mass., duck underneath police tape, Saturday, Feb. 23, 2013, after police responded to reports of a gunman on campus that Cambridge police later said were unfounded. Police said that officers searched for a man reported to be carrying a long rifle and wearing body armor and found nothing. A spokeswoman for the university says the school also called off a campus-wide lockdown. (AP Photo/Josh Reynolds)

Pedestrians on the MIT Campus in Cambridge, Mass., duck underneath police tape, Saturday, Feb. 23, 2013, after police responded to reports of a gunman on campus that Cambridge police later said were unfounded. Police said that officers searched for a man reported to be carrying a long rifle and wearing body armor and found nothing. A spokeswoman for the university says the school also called off a campus-wide lockdown. (AP Photo/Josh Reynolds)

Pedestrians on the MIT Campus in Cambridge, Mass., duck underneath police tape, Saturday, Feb. 23, 2013, after police responded to reports of a gunman on campus that Cambridge police later said were unfounded. Police said that officers searched for a man reported to be carrying a long rifle and wearing body armor and found nothing. A spokeswoman for the university says the school also called off a campus-wide lockdown. (AP Photo/Josh Reynolds)

Pedestrians walk by police tape on the MIT Campus in Cambridge, Mass.,after police responded to reports of a gunman on campus that Cambridge police later said were unfounded, Saturday, Feb. 23, 2013. Police said that officers searched for a man reported to be carrying a long rifle and wearing body armor and found nothing. A spokeswoman for the university says the school also called off a campus-wide lockdown. (AP Photo/Josh Reynolds)

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. (AP) ? An unfounded report of a gunman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology that briefly caused a campus-wide lockdown Saturday stemmed from an electronic message sent to police, authorities said.

Officers searched for a man reported to be carrying a long rifle and wearing body armor but found nothing unusual, Cambridge police said. The report turned out to be a hoax, and there was no threat to public safety, state police spokesman David Procopio said.

Cambridge police received the tip in an electronic chat message around 7:30 a.m., but witnesses on the scene eventually contradicted it, spokesman Dan Riviello said. MIT sent two emergency alerts via text message, urging people to stay indoors. Less than an hour later, police posted on Twitter that the scene was clear.

Investigators are trying to identify the prankster and will pursue criminal charges if they do, Riviello said.

He declined to provide additional details or confirm reports that the IP address used by the prankster has been traced to New York, saying "as it is an active and ongoing investigation, I cannot release any additional information at this time."

About 11,000 people attend the prestigious school outside Boston where students are famous for their smarts as well as their stunts, including once putting a police car on top of a domed campus building.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-02-23-MIT%20Lockdown/id-243dcab91df74688b735f736bc918cdc

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Veterans & Military Affairs Advisory Board Meeting Feb. 20

The Veterans & Military Affairs Advisory Board invites the public to their meeting, Wednesday Feb. 20, from 9-11 a.m.?at the New Mexico Veterans? Memorial.

The meeting includes recognizing concerning issues of veterans and their dependents. As the Veterans & Military Affairs Advisory Board?s goal is to improve the value of life?for our veterans, the board also is a networking exchange for veterans? activities.

There will be no charge to attend this meeting.?

The New Mexico Veterans? Memorial is located at 1100 Louisiana Blvd, SE.

For additional information contact Roger Newall at 505-768-3000 or at rnewall@cabq.gov. ??

Source: http://eastmountains.kob.com/news/events/143087-veterans-military-affairs-advisory-board-meeting-feb-20

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